The Kingdom of God on earth. On the dispute between Ludwik Królikowski and Jan Czyński

The paper reconstructs the polemic between Ludwik Królikowski and Jan Czyński, unfolding in the magazine ‘Polska Chrystusowa’. Active in the Great Emigration, both authors were engaged in a dispute over the shape of the society to come.

The upcoming transformations of today’s societies into sustainable societies pose numerous problems. To avoid the destruction of the foundations of life in the Anthropocene, a profound social and cultural transformation encompassing all areas of life is required. To know how this can be accomplished requires extensive research and knowledge, the reliability of which plays an important role. The more open and diverse the global world becomes, the more difficult it is to determine which facts are important and what consequences can be drawn from them for human action. Instead of a reflexive approach to the results of scientific research, today one often encounters a populist approach to science. Its results are used to support preconceived opinions. One is not interested in new findings but aims at the disparagement of people of other opinions and their hateful insult. A destructive division of society is the result of the debates that are so important for the future of humanity.

Ebenezer Howard’s idea of the garden-city and its historical-cultural context in Europe and Latin America

This text analyses how the English urban and cultural heritage influenced the European and Latin American world of the 20th century, marked by the industrial revolution, in the context of the creation of new urban centres. The main question was how Ebenezer Howard’s idea of the garden city developed in Latin America and Europe. This article aims to analyse the historical and cultural context of their implementation in developed and developing countries. The research also aims to determine to how well this vision, described as utopian, has been realised in the studied cities, considered to be the most accurate realisations of Howard’s concept in both Europe and Latin America.

What does the future hold for us? Which path will humanity take? Perhaps people will finally learn from the mistakes of past generations and build a perfect society? Or they will choose a disastrous path, making the life of an individual absolutely unbearable? Science fiction writers have repeatedly tried to find answers… Science fiction is dedicated to the two opposites of the development of civilization. When people talk about fiction of the early twentieth century, they usually mean so-called “science fiction.” The first works of fantastic literature of new varieties began to appear at the end of the 19th century, and individual works even earlier. In this case we are talking about works that combine a literary plot with scientific fragments; at the same time, the work as a whole acquires a journalistic character. At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, due to extra-literary factors, this form became extremely popular. Its development is influenced by the rapid growth of scientific, or more precisely, technical research, and the powerful introduction of technology into human life.