This article is devoted to the temporary legislation issues as multifunctional legislative instruments, which can be efficiently used in the current dynamic of social, political, information, communication and economic processes. The author regards main scholarly advantages and drawbacks of the introduction of temporary legislation in lawmaking, particularly in the context of stability and predictability of legal regulation, equality of participants in the legal relations. The factors determining the practical necessity of temporary regulation (particularly, innovative products, introduction of new public regulation or economic regimes political or military crises, pandemic) are systematized in this article. It also introduces the review of international experience of application of a temporary regulation in the countries with different legal systems, which shows ways of practical usage of this instrument and lack of systemized approaches for it. The author suggests distinguishing between two main types of temporary regulation - temporary (transitional) and experimental - and identifying potential areas of practical application of such regulation, in particular: rapid response to temporary topical problems, decision-making in highly unpredictable situations, more dynamic regulation of innovation and development. At the same time the systematic modeling of introduction and expiration date of temporary regulation is indicated as the main requirement for the effective implementation of such regulation in compliance with the principle of rule of law. Overall, the author concludes that to be effective, efficient and prospective tool of regulation temporal regulation has to be based on the principles, methods and restrictions of its application, which in turn have to be developed by lawyers.

European Union Activity Against the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ukraine

The article is an attempt to look at the activity of the European Union against the COVID19 pandemic in Ukraine. The purpose of the research is to demonstrate successes and failures of the EU’s activity in this area. The main research question posed in the article is: How did the EU’s activity affect the course of the pandemic in Ukraine? The main research hypothesis is statement that the EU’s activity has caused a significant mobilization in implementing reforms in Ukraine, but so far it has not resulted in a decrease in the number of COVID-19 cases in the country. The research has been based on a qualitative methodology, with the document analysis strategy. The research material consisted of primary acts of the EU’s institutions, government data of Ukraine and internet portals devoted to the issue. Research shows that the EU’s activity against the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine has proved successful in terms of the need to finance actions to overcome the negative effects of it.

The course of economic cooperation between Poland and the Eastern Partnership countries after 1992

The article presents the current state of conditions for the development of economic ties between Poland and the Eastern Partnership countries after 1992. Over the next few years, relations between Poland and the former USSR states gradually evolved as a result of the introduced economic reforms, the opening of economies and changes in the international environment. From the formal and legal point of view, the development of trade and the broader economic ties between Poland and the Eastern Partnership countries began in 1991, and we have had adequate, relatively comparable statistical data since 1995. The most important changes took place when Poland joined the European Union. An important platform for intensifying cooperation with the former USSR states was created by the launch of the EU Eastern Partnership initiative, which covers Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine. Therefore, the study covered the state of economic ties between Poland and the Eastern Partnership countries. The study attempts to show the place of Poland in the foreign trade of the EaP countries and vice versa, outlining the trend of the dynamics of trade between the above-mentioned partners and determining the degree of complementarity of the trade structure.

Artykuł ukazuje współpracę transgraniczną między Polską i Ukrainą z perspektywy mikrospołecznej, podkreślającej wymiar tożsamościowy kontaktów społecznych i ich konsekwencje. W przeprowadzonych w grudniu 2019 r. badaniach wśród mieszkańców obszarów przygranicznych Polski i Ukrainy zwrócono uwagę na to, czy współpraca ta stała się wśród mieszkańców terenów przygranicznych ważną perspektywą postrzegania sąsiedzkich relacji, jak mocno wyrażana jest potrzeba jej rozwoju oraz jak postrzegane są jej efekty. W świadomości badanych dominuje perspektywa postrzegania transgranicznych relacji polsko-ukraińskich jako opartych na kontaktach ekonomicznych. Zakorzeniona jest też świadomość asymetrii regionalnych, co wpływa na różnice w postrzeganiu współpracy transgranicznej między mieszkańcami terenów przygranicznych. Mimo różnic badani zwracali uwagę na elementy kulturowe łączące oba narody oraz walory ułatwiające komunikację.

The Problem of Violations of Religious Minorities’ Rights on the Example of Donetsk People’s Republic and the Luhansk People’s Republic

The armed conflict in eastern Ukraine and establishing the Donetsk People’s Republic (DPR) and the Luhansk People’s Republic (LPR) resulted in many complications and tensions, both in international relations, and within the territories of those self-proclaimed republics. Violation of rights of religious minorities is one of such problems. It includes various forms of unlawful deeds, ranging from intimidation to killings. Such a situation creates grounds for legal responsibility of subjects involved in above mentioned violations. However, a crucial difficulty in this respect is enforcement of justice in practice. The difficulty results from two factors. First factor is that territories in question are beyond the effective control of Ukraine; it prevents Ukrainian authorities from taking legal steps against individuals who committed crimes. The second problem is that both self-proclaimed republics do not exist in the light of law, and thus they cannot take responsibility, also under international law. A change of this state of affairs would be possible only after ultimate settlement of legal status of eastern regions of Ukraine, and it requires a good will of all sides being engaged in the conflict.

Celem artykułu jest nakreślenie rozwoju organizacji mniejszości polskich, w tym szkolnictwa polskiego, z uwzględnieniem rozwiązań formalno- prawnych, podstaw finansowych i infrastrukturalnych w Charkowskim Okręgu Konsularnym. Jest to pierwsza próba przeprowadzenia wstępnych badań na terenie Charkowskiego Okręgu Konsularnego z uwzględnieniem organizacji mniejszości polskiej, osobliwości tożsamości miejscowych Polaków i specyfiki regionów, od Sum na północy do Berdiańska na południu. Terytorium Konsulatu Generalnego RP w Charkowie obejmuje Charkowski Okręg Konsularny, są to obwody: charkowski, dniepropietrowski, doniecki, ługański, połtawski, sumski, zaporoski. Badania przeprowadzone zostały metodą ankietową w roku 2017. Aktualnie czynnikiem decydującym o podejmowaniu nauki języka polskiego jest przynależność etniczna, pragnienie pielęgnowania poczucia przynależności do kraju pochodzenia przodków, ale także podejście pragmatyczne: otrzymanie Kart Polaka, podjęcie studiów wyższych oraz perspektywa pracy i osiedlenia się w Polsce. Dla uczniów innych narodowości znajomość języka polskiego jako obcego ma wymierną wartość w postaci większych szans w dostaniu się na studia, a w konsekwencji bycia bardziej konkurencyjnym na rynku pracy.

The objective of this article is to establish the main goal the leaders of the parliamentary opposition wanted to achieve in the negotiations with the government during the Euromaidan. In this study, the following methods were applied: the historical method, data analysis, and case study. In the conclusion, it is noted that the main task of the parliamentary opposition in the negotiations with the government was to restore the Constitution of 2004, which limited the presidential competences in executive power and extended

This paper presents the results of our research related to the motivation of the adults when learning. Our analysis is focused on the comparison of the motivational features of adults learning process in four Eastern and Central European countries (Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine). The research is based on a qualitative survey. We used questionnaire of our design to learn about their motivation to participate in trainings, their interest and the possible hindrances. The subjects of the study are adult learners from the mentioned countries (N=556) who were in contact with the research partner institutions. Our results show that the majority of the respondents looked for pragmatic opportunities in learning useful for work and life, but also wanted to develop their interests and expand their knowledge. No country-specific characteristics were found, and potential differences were only observable in some cases.

Based on a survey of clients and interviews with experts, the study evaluates rehabilitation services for children with Down Syndrome provided through the out-of-school center “Socium”. It is the only non-governmental organization in Kyiv (Ukraine) which is fully engaged in physical health and sport rehabilitation of disabled children. The findings demonstrate the positive effects of sport education on the social functioning and health of children and their families. The research reveals the need for the professional support of social workers of families with children who have mental retardation, and suggests steps for improving the services and inclusiveness at the centre.

The issue of determining the location of the main events of the Battle of Zhovti Vody in 1648 is considered. The Battle of Zhovti Vody, which changed the course of history not only in Ukraine and Poland but also in other European countries, is still poorly studied. There is no definitive answer to some key questions, such as the location of the « Urochishche Zhovti Vody», the place where the registered Cossacks joined Bohdan Khmelnitsky. Based on the analysis of sources and cartographic information, as well as a personal study of the area, the author draws conclusions about the location of the besieged Polish camp, the location of Kamenny Zaton. The author draws attention for the first time to special marks on one of the versions of the General Map of Ukraine by Guillaume Levasseur de Beauplan published by Willem Hondius in 1648, related to the Battle of Zhovti Vody. The study used a comparative analysis of historical maps and critical analysis of sources, regardless of the influence and authority of the authors. Identification and analysis of contradictions in the available empirical material led to the search for effective ways to eliminate them. As a result of the research, it became possible for the first time to locate the places of the main events of the beginning of the national liberation struggles of the Ukrainian people in the middle of the 17th century.

European Parliament’s participation in the process of shaping Ukraine’s electoral law

The article is an attempt to look at the process of shaping Ukraine’s electoral law in terms of the European Parliament’s initiatives. The research aim is to demonstrate the influence of the European Parliament in this regard. The research was based on a qualitative methodology with the use of institutional and legal analysis and critical analysis of strategies. The research showed that the European Parliament was the main initiator of changes in Ukraine’s electoral law after the entry into force of the Association Agreement. European Parliament significantly contributed to the reforms’ implementation and made Ukraine one step closer to the European Union.

The aim of this article is to analyze the efficiency of the three currently working on the Polish side bilateral textbook commissions (Polish-German, Polish-Lithuanian and Polish-Ukrainian). Its added value lies, firstly, in rarely undertaken in the literature comparative research – the author’s ambitions go beyond simple description of several different textbook committees. Secondly, in the formulation of concrete conclusions, which to some extent can be applied in practice. The used research method was studying the documents. Using the technique of critical analysis of the content the author revealed similarities and differences in the functioning of the three institutions in terms of: the history of creation; tasks, procedures and organization of their work; discussed topics and appearing controversies; the effects of undertaken actions. On that basis, she formulated the conviction that a decisive impact on the effectiveness of the mentioned institutions have the following factors: ambitions and chosen by commissions course of action, the framework of states’ educational policies, the political support of the governments, wide debate on commissions’ findings, attitudes of the societies on the both sides of the border and objective factors like: time, stage of nation-building process and partners’ financial capacities.

The Influence of Political Processes and the War in Ukraine on the Formation of Generation Alpha and the iGeneration (Z): Defining Specific Features

The article attempts to analyse and define the specific features of the iGeneration (Z) and Generation Alpha in Ukraine in the context of the political processes and the war taking place in Ukrainian society. The article discusses the generation issues, taking into account the characteristics of the iGeneration (Z) and Generation Alpha. Assuming that a generation is an identifiable group of people who share a similar time of birth and significant events at critical stages of development, the article presents an original approach to determining the specific features of the iGeneration (Z) and Generation Alpha in Ukraine. The Orange Revolution (2004), the Revolution of Dignity (2014) and the hybrid war (2014-2022) and Russian-Ukrainian war (from 24.02.2022) had a significant impact on the formation of the iGeneration (Z) and Generation Alpha in Ukraine.

Peculiarities of the EU’s normative power use for the establishment of climate-related values in Ukraine

Intensifying EU authorities’ efforts to overcome the climate crisis, as well as the desire of EU member states to mobilize its neighbours and partners to join them on a green transformation path, once again reaffirms the intention of EU to realize itself as a global promoter of environmental values. Of particular interest is the question of whether the EU could achieve climate neutrality in both Europe and other parts of the world through intensifying its normative power. Taking into account all of the above considerations, the main aim of this article was to determine the peculiarities of the EU’s normative power use in order to establish climate-oriented values in Ukraine by examining three core elements of the normative power concept developed by I. Manners, Professor at Lund University: principles, actions and impact. To achieve this goal, it was essential to consider the key principles of EU environmental policy in the field of climate change, to describe the mechanisms through which the EU promotes them in Ukraine, as well as to determine whether the desired result has been achieved in Ukraine due to EU’s green normative power.

Question of racism in the thought of the ideologists of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (1929–1945)

The goal of the article is to show what role did the racist elements play in the ideology of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and whether they were present in that ideology at all. In the scientific discourse it remains controversial, whether OUN was in fact a fascist organization. Those discussions very often ignore the question of racism and its role in both Italian fascism and Ukrainian nationalism. It is also rarely analyzed what was the nature of those racist elements. In the article the historical-legal method has been used, as well as the comparative method. The problem has not been analyzed in the chronological manner, in order to secure the clarity of the article Applied structure of the paper allows showing the analyzed problem from the most general questions to more detailed ones. Works of the ideologists connected with OUN, such as Dmytro Dontsov, Volodymyr Martynec’, Dmytro Orlyk, Yuliyan Vassyjan and Yuriy Lypa have been analyzed, Author decided to underline most important parts of their thought presented in their books and pamphlets and compare their views on each issue. It allowed to indicate that racism is often a topic presented in the works of the ideologists of OUN, although there is no one version of that thought. Every author presents his own view on that topic and other approach. However, they seem to become gradually more interested in the problem of the race in late 30’s and 40’s. However Ukrainian racism is not a biological racism. It treats the race as the spiritual phenomenon with a biological substrate.

Situation of immigrants and refugees in Ukraine from 1991 to 2013

The author shows the history of the immigration system and refugees in Ukraine. The discussed period of 1991–2013 is not accidental and is quite important in the process of shaping the rights of immigrants and refugees.

EU – Ukraine: Around Kiev’s European Aspirations. Selected Aspects from a German Perspective

The goals of the article are to discuss Ukraine’s aspirations for rapprochement with the European Union, especially after the „Orange Revolution” in 2004, and in the context of the conflict with Russia over Crimea and eastern Ukraine that began in 2014. In addition, to outline of Germany’s position toward the conflict and Ukraine’s relations with the EU. The author attempts to resolve the problem of Ukraine’s chances of joining the Union in a predictable perspective. First of all, scientific and press publications, as well as European Union documents were used.

“American exceptionalism and historical themes in Joe Biden’s selected 2022 speeches on war in Ukraine” is a study of three 2022 speeches given by the United States of America in context of Russian aggression on Ukraine. An author’s goal is to establish does Joe Biden’s speeches contain any remarks on nationalistic idea of American expectionalism in context of war in Ukraine and what is the correlation between contents of addresses and its audiences. The paper was written to prove that motives and themes such as American expectionalism, Manifest destiny and Pax Americana are present in remarks even if their topic is European Affairs. In terms of relation contents-audience, research was conducted to determine what relations there are and what influence them.

A number of international sanctions have been placed on Russia since it launched an attack on Ukraine on February 24, 2022, in order to persuade the country to de-escalate the conflict. The sanctions imposed on Russia, while designed to harm the Russian economy, had unintended consequences on the world economy, primarily through the disruption of global supply chains. Energy supply shocks, commodities and trade supply shocks were all caused by the conflict. In many nations, this resulted in an increase in worldwide inflation. Despite the fact that Israel and Turkey were instrumental in mediating a peaceful end of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the economic fallout from the crisis continued to reverberate throughout Europe and beyond.

The difference in the methodology of conducting military operations by Russian and Ukrainian troops during the war ongoing since February 2022 is striking. It does not result only from the adopted convention of conducting these activities but is conditioned on a much deeper mental level resulting from cultural conditions. They determine the perception and understanding of the phenomenon of war. In other words, the operational and tactical methodology can be adapted to changing realities, provided that the essence of such a change is understood in terms of achieving the assumed military and non-military goals. Furthermore, these goals could be achieved by conducting military operations according to a completely different methodology, probably with much greater effectiveness. Why, in such a perspective, did the Russian side choose such a barbaric way of conducting war, characterising the methodology of military actions of the past decades or even centuries? This paper aims to answer the research question: What premises condition the Russian methodology of military action in the Russian-Ukrainian war of 2022? Empirical methods were employed to obtain an answer to this question.