How to Represent War.

The hybrid warfare going on in Donbass has had consequences on the informational and cultural spheres in Ukraine. It is a war for influence where Ukraine cannot adequately confront Russia because it does not have the necessary recourses and a developed media culture. The number of literary works about the war published in the last few years show that Ukrainian writers want to challenge the discourse on war. Between 2014 and 2016 numerous novels, stories, essays, reports, and poems were published by such writers as Halyna Vdovychenko, Yevhen Polozhiy, Sergei Lozko, and Vladyslav Ivchenko. These authors try to show all the horror of the war and the changing attitudes and consciousness of Ukrainians. The issue of forming a new Ukrainian collective identity is reflected in contemporary literature.

This research aims to develop a model of a civic education textbook on the basis of living values education. This study uses the approach of Research and Development at the stage of product development. Results reveal the follow- ing: 1) living values education-based civic education textbooks conceptually incorporate living values and the principles of living values education into the textbook; 2) the textbook chapters include title, introduction, concept roadmap, keywords, presentation of materials, clarification of the values of life, exercises, summary, reflection, authentic assessment, feedback, and follow-up activities; 3) the values of life can be integrated into the textbook through features of civic values, words of wisdom, analysis of life values, reflection, and attitude assessment.

The study explored the desirable character attributes of teachers and provided specific behavioral guidelines for being a good teacher in Korea. The Delphi method was used. Ten virtues and 88 behavioral guidelines were created from three rounds of surveys involving 22 Korean panelists. Results indicated that most of the virtues identified in this study were consistent with the results of Western studies. However, a sense of humor regarded as a desirable characteristic of teachers in previous studies did not emerge as a virtue from Korean panelists. Morality rarely mentioned in Western research was included in this study. The characteristics required of a Korean teacher seem to be based on Confucianism.

This study describes the model of living values education (LVE) in school habituation activities and its impact on character development. It employs the design of research and development in junior and senior high-schools in Bandung. The model of LVE in school habituation is carried out by clearly defining the values of life and expected behaviors, learning of values in the real life contexts, regular awards for expected behaviors, proactive correction of deviant behaviors through clear procedures, and by using the principle of example, correction, awards, and enforcement. The application of the model of LVE in school habituation significantly affects the student’s character development by 42.1%. Thus, the model of LVE in habituation program can be implemented in schools.

This study seeks to delineate a living values-based authentic assessment model in civic education to foster student character. A research and development design was adopted, with the subjects being high school students in Bandung City and West Bandung Regency, Indonesia. Conceptually, a living values-based authentic assessment is one that amalgamates living values and living values education principles into civic education learning assessments by taking into account the principles of authentic assessment, the core and basic competencies in the curriculum, the main characteristics in the educational program for strengthening character, principles for writing questions based on higher-order thinking skills, and principles for preparing assessments. The types of authentic assessment developed herein are attitude assessment and self-assessment. Based on the results of the validation of experts and practitioners, it is found that the majority (82.84%) rated the authentic assessment instruments as good.

The purpose of this study was to confirm the construct of the multicultural and local wisdom character research instrument of early childhood. Respondents were 430 early children. Data analysis using the CFA approach. The results showed that the four conceptual dimensions of character were empirically proven to group into four dimensions. Each dimension is corrected for sub dimensions and indicators based on the loading factor score criteria, cronbach alpha reliability, rho-A score, composite reliability > 0.70, average variance extracted > 0.50. There are 29 indicators that meet valid, reliable criteria and fit model.

This study seeks to: 1) to generate a product of a living values-based authentic assessment model in civic learning in high school; 2) to test the effectiveness of the model on the character development of students. Research and Development design was employed. Data were collected through questionnaires, attitude scales, interviews, and focus group discussions. An interactive analysis model, quantitative descriptive, and the two-difference test mean were utilised to analyse the data. Participants in the study were Students and Civics Education teachers in ten high schools in Bandung, Indonesia. Results reveal: 1) the model product comprised attitude assessment, self-assessment, and peer assessment which integrates the values of life into the assessment aspects of learning material according to the curriculum; 2) The results of model trials indicate that significant differences arise in the character development of students before and after the application of the model.

The personalities and the space of memory about the holocaust in a modern Ukrainian literature

The Holocaust theme was concealed and falsified for a long time because of non-literary reasons. Therefore, only when our country got its independence, a lot of aspects became clarified – especially the increasing of geographical markers of the Shoah, the aspect of memory and traumas of its victims and witnesses, the aspects of a woman history of the Holocaust etc. One of actual problems of nowadays is the problem of personalization of the Holocaust history with including the names of victims, saved and saviors for extending the space of memory about the tragedy of European Jews in the times of WWII. Literature, as well as historical science and commemorative practices, actively participates in this. The object of our attention in the following article is modern Ukrainian prose – novels “Sonya” (2013) by K. Babkina, “Me, You, And Our Drawn And Undrawn God” (2016) by T. Pakhomova, “A Story Worthy of a Whole Apple Orchard” (2017) by M. Dupeshko, “The Beech Land” (2019) by M. Matios. The aim of investigation is the characters of victims and saviors who have real prototypes: an icon of the Holocaust in Poland and Liublin, 9-years-old Henio (Henryk Zhytomirski), Righteous Among the Nations Maria and Stepan Vrublevski (Maria and Stepan Sichevliuk-Vrublevski), the Chernivtsi poet Selma Meerbaum- Eisinger, the mayor of Chernivtsi Traian Popovici, the diplomats Grzegorz Szymonowicz and Fritz Schellhorn. Implementation the life stories of real personalities into fictional form leads to expanding the memory about the Holocaust in Ukraine, and it’s also a way of creating a modern culture of memory, that is particularly important in a context of the international tendencies of finding the common understanding through awareness of a personal responsibility of others’ lives, and non-admission of repeating the tragic pages of the XX ct. history, one of those was the Holocaust. Since the long-term silence of the traumatic experience of the Holocaust victims didn’t create an intergenerational connection in the process of transmitting the memory of the Holocaust, modern literature, with its artistic construction of the past, becomes not only a tool for spreading knowledge about the Shoah, but also a way of creating the cultural memory about this tragedy. The prospect of further research of the following aspect is seen in a deep analysis of new examples of both Ukrainian and translated literature, including novels written by authors that are biographically related to Ukraine.