Among the many rights guaranteed by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, what deserves special attention is the right of persons with disabilities to independent living and inclusion in society, as recorded in Article 19. This law applies to everyone regardless of age, ability, type of disability or mental health problems. In practice, this implies the need for the State to take effective measures to facilitate the full integration and participation of people with disabilities in the society. In the paper, the authors attempted to answer the question whether the Polish state has taken effective measures aimed at making it easier for people with disabilities to fully integrate and participate in social life. In this connection, they pointed out the need for deinstitutionalisation of social assistance, pointing to two important tools to enable it to be implemented in practice.