Position of the Ombudsman of Patient’s Rights in the Polish legal system

The article deals with issues related to the legal and systemic position of the patient ombudsman, as well as his tasks and competences. The author concludes that the ombudsman is not a typical ombudsman and that his activity is strictly subordinate to the executive, which is a denial of independence characteristic of a potential ombudsman. The article uses several research methods, such as system analysis and institutional analysis. The comparative, historical and observational methods were used subordinately. The research techniques used in the article include the analysis of the content of legal acts, the analysis of the texts of specialist studies, and the analysis of other documents.

Institutional protection of rights to health benefits for adult and elderly people in terminal states of illnesses

Ageing of the Polish society entails the importance of securing caring and medicinal services of the growing population of seniors and people in terminal states of illnesses. The aim of this article is to assess legal framework concerning institutional protection of rights of people in terminal states of illnesses, in the context of the scale of terminal states of illnesses and the need for services aimed at terminally ill and their families.

The incrising demand for regulating social relations which are becoming more complicated is an efect of developing civilization, including in it the level of protection of human rights in XXI century. Standarization is a synonym of the nowadys developing world economy. Apart of the legal rules there are other regulation systems like moral standards, ethical standards, deontological norms or customs. These regulation systems are the complementary systems to the law regulations. Their origin is the natural law. Deontological principles mostly are legally binding like planty of ethical standards in medicine. The reason of the legal power of ethics in medicine is libility for human life. Code of Medical Ethics is also the source of legal norms in medical law. The most important legal norm for medical practice is the doctor’s obligation to treat patients acording to the current medical knowledge. Besides doctors should conduct their practice in a socially acceptable way as working in a profession of public trust.