The main aim of the text is to characterize in general terms thought of the 19th century Russian narodniks and anarchists. Their concepts are presented as an important ideological propositions, included into broad system of Russian political and legal opinions. These were the answer for the decomposition of the official tsarist ideology. One of the signs of this process was the sharp discussion among the ideologues of the Romanov’s court about the hierarchy of elements in the famous slogan “Православие, Самодержавие, Народность” (“Orthodoxy, Autocracy and Nationality”).