The labeling of food products as a tool that guarantees the correct implementation of the consumer’s constitutional right to information

The aim of this study is to indicate selected legal aspects regarding the correct implementation of the consumer’s constitutional right to information in relation to the labeling of food products, with particular emphasis on the consumer’s rights in this area resulting directly from the Constitution. The conducted analysis is to show and emphasize the multi-aspect and complexity of the issue of marking, first of all in the context of the situation of the consumer defined by the provisions of constitutional law. Due to the specificity of the paper, the following methods will be used: dogmatic and content analysis and document analysis. They will allow for the analysis of research material, which is national legislation at the constitutional level, as well as other specific laws covering the subject matter. On the other hand, the views of representatives of legal science and, to the necessary extent, representatives of other sciences will be analyzed. Legal acts, legal monographs, commentaries and articles included periodicals and legal monographs and comments will be used.

Gałąź gospodarki, jaką stanowi produkcja i obrót żywnością przynosi istotny zysk ekonomiczny, ta branża wydaje się generować najwyższe przychody i być bardzo dochodowa. Z drugiej strony – oprócz zysków – przemysł żywnościowy może być źródłem zagrożenia dla ludzi, zdrowia publicznego i bezpieczeństwa powszechnego na niebywałą skalę. Stąd niezwykle ważne jest dochowywanie wysokich standardów bezpieczeństwa przez producentów i podmioty wprowadzające żywność do obrotu. Celem artykułu jest analiza rozwiązań prawnych dotyczących sankcjonowania przestępnych zachowań związanych z obrotem żywnością.

The Minsk Agricultural Society as an organizer of food aid for the rural population in 1907–1908

A crop failure in the Minsk governorate in 1906 caused famine in the districts of Barysaw, Mazyr, Pinsk, Rechytsa, and Slutsk. The article presents a little-known fragment of the history of the Minsk Agricultural Society from 1907–1908, when Polish landowners organized food aid for starving peasants. It was their own initiative, non-commercial, philanthropic, and independent from the state authorities. The landowners bought over 950 tons of rye in southern Russia and Siberia with their own money, transported it to the Minsk governorate and sold it to the peasants at purchase prices. For this purpose, they had to organize special committees dealing with the distribution of rye in the districts. The grain they supplied was cheaper and of better quality than grain imported by state institutions (zemstvo), therefore the peasants preferred to buy rye from the landowners’ committees. The food aid for peasants showed how well Polish landowners were organised and how effective this type of activity was.