Internal Migrations from Crimea and Donbass after 2014 as Conflict-Triggering Factors in the Regions of Ukraine

The annexation of the Crimea and the war in Donbass resulted in intense migration flows from these areas to the non-conflict areas of Ukraine. Internally displaced persons (IPDs) in the initial phase of the conflict were mainly received by the neighbour regions bordering with the area affected by the conflict. The endless war in Donbass significantly affected the deterioration of the economic situation in Ukraine, which also influenced the attitude towards IDPs. The social attitude towards IDPs from Donbass was initially positive, but gradually changed into negative one, mainly in the eastern Russian-speaking regions of Ukraine. In the west of the country, the attitude was more positive. The main factor that could reduce the degree of tension in the society between IDPs and the receiving communities is the end of the war in Donbass, but as the situation of the conflict indicates, it cannot be finished quickly.

WEWNĘTRZNE MIGRACJE Z KRYMU I DONBASU PO 2014 ROKU ORAZ ICH WPŁYW NA POTENCJAŁ KONFLIKTOGENNY W REGIONACH UKRAINY

Aneksja Krymu i wojna w Donbasie spowodowały intensywne migracje wewnętrzne z tych obszarów do regionów nie objętych konfliktem. Osoby wewnętrznie przemieszczone (OWP) w początkowej fazie konfliktu głównie przemieszczały się w sąsiednie regiony graniczące z obszarem dotkniętym konfliktem. Niekończąca się wojna w Donbasie znacząco wpłynęła na pogorszenie się sytuacji gospodarczej na Ukrainie, co również wpłynęło na stosunek do osób wewnętrznie przesiedlonych. Społeczne podejście do OWP z Donbasu było początkowo pozytywne, ale stopniowo zmieniło się w negatywne, głównie we wschodnich, rosyjskojęzycznych regionach Ukrainy. Na zachodzie kraju postawa była bardziej pozytywna. Głównym czynnikiem, który może zmniejszyć stopień napięć w społeczeństwie między osobami wewnętrznie przesiedlonymi a społecznościami przyjmującymi, jest koniec wojny w Donbasie, ale jak pokazuje sytuacja, nie można liczyć na szybkie zakończenie konfliktu.

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