TABLE OF CONTENTS

SPIS TREŚCI

Nowadays the issue of regional education is a very contemporary and necessary problem, seen as a future factor in cultural heritage, which can be treated as a contribution to preserving the continuity of traditional values. A look at how heritage can be protected using local perspectives in a globalized world through educational activities is also postulated by UNESCO’s global doctrines. In order to include this idea within the school education system, a certain transformation of the pedagogical reality must take place, which is a long-term process. That is why such projects are often carried out through non-formal education. Using the example of the project ‘Journey through Wooden Podlasie’, this study addresses the problem of protecting the cultural landscape and intangible heritage of Podlasie through education from an early age. Analysis of material collected, as well as the author’s own observations from the various projects carried out in the form of regional education, confirm the theory that there is a great need to implement programs of active heritage protection from scratch. Drawing inspiration from the past can be of great practical importance for future generations, and can serve to encourage children to be active participants in their environment.

The article aims to make a critical reflection, theoretical and practical, on the school and its functioning in the context of shaping the desired competences among graduates that distinguish them on the labour market. It is a strong impression that young people in the Polish classroom system still play the role of passive recipients of educational services rather than independent creators. Thus, there is a clear need to create high-quality bridges between the areas of pedagogical support for students in their educational and professional choices and the labour market and employers’ space in Poland. Education “ever anew” is the one that continually changes, adjusts its forms and contents to the changing socio-economic reality, creates a new quality focused on an individual and demanding recipient. The introduction takes the form of a brief reflection on the current dynamics of educational and professional life and the competences that will be needed in the future. The next section presents selected contexts and the diversity of the conditions of educational spaces in Poland. The summary contains inspiration for selected aspects of the future of education, such as the concept of learning in cyber parks and the use of “creative confidence” in learning.

This article aims to describe the cultural model of disability. In contrast to the social model of disability, which is strongly coherent, the cultural model of disability has not yet been specified, despite ongoing discussions on cultural determinants of understanding disability. In the first part of the article, the origins and essence of the cultural model are presented. Next, the four main assumptions underlying the model are characterised: 1) people perceive reality through the prism of their culture and experience acquired with it, 2) disability can have different meanings depending on what kind of discourse constitutes its meaning, 3) disability does not mean a feature of an individual, but a category of human differentiation, which can be embodied and thus materialised, 4) instead of just “looking” at people with disabilities and asking what problems they are struggling with, and what support from the society they need, the current perspective should be broadened and include the entire society and its culture. The final part of the article highlights the most important advantages of the cultural model of disability.

In the ongoing struggle of resocialisation pedagogy for its greater effectiveness, an important place is occupied by research and programmes on the use of various forms of cultural activity (meetings with culture and art) and artistic creation for social rehabilitation purposes. These activities perfectly fit into the interdisciplinary character of rehabilitation itself. In practice, many such projects are currently being implemented in Poland, including correctional facilities, juvenile shelters, and penitentiary units. Moreover, it is noteworthy that Polish rehabilitation can boast significant achievements in this field. The author suggests the existence of the undoubted influence of the background culture and mass culture on the effectiveness of rehabilitation. The tasks undertaken by social rehabilitation pedagogues and people involved in the re-use of different types of cultural engineering should consider the influence and the image of contemporary Western culture affected by the crisis of values. Presented concepts of resocialisation through cultural activity and artistic creation testify to a truly humanistic search for remedial shaping of socially maladjusted people and show an important current in contemporary resocialisation.

There are approximately 38 million HIV-positive patients in the world. The effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy has significantly increased the life expectancy of infected patients. The objective of this study was to observe the relationship between resilience (assessed using the SPP-25 Scale), coping strategies (Mini-COPE Scale) as well as trauma effects (SF-CiOQ Scale) and quality of life (SWLS Scale) in people living with HIV. The study included 78 individuals (26 women and 52 men) aged 18–65 years. Significant relationships between resilience and coping strategies were demonstrated in people living with HIV. Resilience and active coping were conducive to positive trauma effects and satisfaction with life. Non-adaptive coping strategies favored negative trauma effects. The strategy of positive reframing acted as a mediator in the relationship between resilience vs. positive and negative trauma effects in people living with HIV. The scores indicate the need for practitioners to focus on interventions which elevate resilience and active coping to improve mental health in people living with HIV.

The research focused on identifying differences in the sense of self-efficacy and self-regulation of stress among 470 students from Polish and Spanish universities and on determining the differences between students starting and finishing their studies. The following tests were used in the study: General Self-Efficacy Scale, COPE Inventory and Self-Regulatory Formative Questionnaire. Statistical analysis confirmed the correctness of the 6 hypotheses. The obtained results showed that the level of self-efficacy and self-regulation and the choice of coping strategies are related to gender, nationality, age, and multiple attitudes to a stressful situation. Moreover, other confirmed hypotheses show the conclusions that self-efficacy is higher in the group of men than in the group of women. On the other hand, women have higher self-regulatory skills and are more likely than men to choose favourable stress regulation methods. In contrast, the hypotheses about cross-cultural differences show that Spanish students have better self-regulatory skills and choose adaptive coping strategies, while Polish students use non-adaptive strategies.

Circumstances related to the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in many challenges for all entities constituting the education system in Poland. The article aims to present the specific character of managing education and the teaching team in this demanding unusual reality. Contemporary principals and managers of various levels of education, often burdened with a multitude and diversity of tasks and requirements imposed on their role and the organisation of work of the managed entity, regardless of the circumstances of management, require and expect adequate support. The article reviews current empirical research on the problem of the functioning of schools in the pandemic, including such aspects as the situation of teachers, principals, students and their parents. The results are set within the practical, day-to-day management of education, focusing on the implementation of statutory tasks and the circumstances of cooperation between the principal and the staff team (e.g., concerning communication, fulfilment of needs, conflict resolution). Reference has also been made to own empirical research dedicated to managerial talent in education and the specific character of conflict management in an educational institution.

The COVID-19 situation has made higher education institutions face the unprecedented challenge of transition into distance learning. As a result, students had to acquire some skills and knowledge remotely, including the experience of learning social research. The article presents the results of research on students’ attitudes and perceptions regarding online teaching, learning, their digital skills, and the presence of subjects connected with social research in their diverse study programmes. The study was conducted to investigate how social research is taught at the university level. Using an online survey distributed in May and June 2021, data were collected from 103 students enrolled in bachelor (BA) and master (MA) studies at Polish higher education institutions. Findings from the study show a broad spectrum of students’ diverse experiences connected with their participation in online education.

The paper focuses on pedagogical theory and practice, which was brought to the fore about a year ago in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors deal particularly with the implementation of electronic media into family-school cooperation. The paper presents mainly the views and theories of authors from abroad, where the issue is more researched than in Slovakia. These are maintained by selected empirical data obtained by the authors during the pedagogical practice by means of the research carried out during the first lockdown in Slovakia (2020). We obtained the results by providing an online questionnaire. The research sample consisted of teachers at the primary level of education and parents of primary school pupils. It can be observed that traditional face-to-face ways of communication are still favoured among parents and teachers and that various barriers determine the so-called e-nvolvement of parents in parent-teacher cooperation. Another dimension of family-school cooperation is represented by an insufficient preparation of both parents and teachers.

The authors aim to draw attention to underestimating and disinterest in conducting a social study on the Roma population in socialism, which was carried out only in the early 1970s. The study on social and pathological phenomena focused on the impacts on the overall societal scale. The researchers did not perform studies in Roma communities and families. The state-controlled blanket assimilation was expected to automatically arouse positive changes in Roma families. Research into social pathology in Roma communities and families was launched only in the second half of the 1990s, mainly after the millennium. The study points to the authors’ archival qualitative research at the turn of 2020 and 2021 in the Slovak National Archives in Bratislava. The second part of the article presents qualitative research on violence against Romani women in connection with the presented effects of not addressing this negative phenomenon. The main goal of the research is to show the extent of interest in the social situation of the Roma during the communist regime and to point out the main problems in the present day.

The article describes quantitative changes in the educational area of the Polish borderland, based on the examples of Nysa, Prudnik, and Głubczyce districts. The demographic data, unfavorable for entire Poland, in the borderland regions are additionally burdened with migration from peripheral communes. It is reflected in the functioning of educational institutions. The analysis of the educational potential of the border areas based on data from the three districts indicates alarming demographic forecasts announcing their depopulation. Breaking that process seems impossible without external support. Thanks to co-financing under efficiently implemented EU projects, and, above all, the work of local leaders, many interesting initiatives were implemented to improve the quality of life in the border areas and their tourist attractiveness, which also gives hope for an economic revival. A positive aspect is that with the decreasing number of students, the number of departments also decreases, which gives hope for a better quality of care, upbringing, and education. However, the data show that reversing the negative trends requires great commitment.

The situation of children from a migration background in Polish dormitories and boarding schools is analysed herein. It is an emerging issue, practically absent in child studies in Poland. The author refers to research that is a part of MiCreate (Migrant Children and Communities in Transforming Europe) and demonstrates that despite the growing presence of migrant children in dormitories, they are invisible within the education system. The legal gaps in regulations applying to these children as residents of dormitories are explored herein, and integrative measures are analysed to find the possible causes of their ineffectiveness. The research was conducted in a dormitory in the city of Kraków. It included interviews with the institution’s staff, participatory observations and autobiographical narrative interviews with students. This article may inspire further large-scale research into the problems of migrant children being present and living in such dormitories.

Purpose: This paper attempts to examine the concept of successful ageing (SA) from the perspectives of older adults. Methods: Data were gathered from 224 persons. The research used a categorized interview and a test as methods of data collection. In order to select the types of subjective definitions of SA, the method of cluster analysis was applied. Results: 5 types of definitions were distinguished: 1) Around 40% of older adults consider the biomedical model to be in line with their idea of good old age, but they also add new components that they consider more important. These are: Living in an environment of loving persons (Type 1 definitions), and Religiousness, Generativity, Relationships with others based on love (Type 4). 2) About 40% of the respondents’ present one-dimensional definitions, with one of the following factors: Family (Type 2), and Religiousness (Type 3). 3) Lack of a precise definition is more often demonstrated in people with low life satisfaction who have been experiencing difficult life situations in recent times. Conclusions: Understanding of SA depends on life satisfaction and the context related to the life situation. Three key words are essential for the definitions: family, activity, religion.

Social exclusion is a multidimensional phenomenon extending beyond poverty, unemployment, access to various goods and services, but also covering the scope of breakdown of social ties and a sense of isolation as well as dependence on others. This phenomenon affects various social groups, but seniors experience the effects of social exclusion in a special way. This article aims to show how the transport-related social exclusion of seniors influences their psychosocial functioning. The problem of transport-related exclusion in Poland currently affects 13.8 million people living in municipalities where there is no organized public transport. The article tries to answer the question about the extent to which the surveyed seniors experience transportation disadvantage and how the limited access to public transport affects their psychosocial functioning. The obtained results quite clearly indicate that the elderly experience many effects of transport-related exclusion, which has an impact on the quality of their life. The communication exclusion limits their access to health care, which results in decreasing their health. Seniors experience exclusion due to difficult access to public transport, goods and services that affect their life quality. Research shows that seniors feel dependent on others. Restricting contacts with family and friends causes them to feel lonely.

The article aims to refer to issues related to the understanding of national identity, assuming that the basic reference point for the theoretical analysis is the model of universally recognised European values. Attempting to concretise the concept of national identity and identify determinants affecting its shaping, reference was made to the problem of identifying Poles with European values. Since the problem of national identity was often the object of interest of researchers, especially during the intensification of integration processes in Europe and the impact of such phenomena as globalisation, migration or development of mass culture with a cosmopolitan character, there were observed increased anxieties of various nations encouraging underlining their own “separateness”, and also greater identification with the national community. The author does not treat this phenomenon as disturbing because, according to the latest trends related to the understanding of European identity, it can crystallise as the sum of the identity of European national countries.

The paper is part of the interdisciplinary considerations on the management of organisations and the participation of women in these processes. The presented approach combines the science of management with the sociology of education. It allows the analysis of macro-social aspects of women’s functioning and micro-social aspects related to the functioning of women at the top of corporate power. The article is based on a management survey published in 2019, which concerns issues of mutual relations between education, socialisation, and the place of women in the social structure or the selection of co-workers. It is qualitative research that does not allow for the generalisation of conclusions to the entire population of Polish managers (or, more precisely, managers working in Poland), but the representativeness of a typological nature has been preserved. It means that the interviewees represented distinguished types of managers, mainly due to the industry and the type of position. The study concerned the highest-ranking company managers, Chief Executive Directors (CEO), and members of the company’s boards with various academic diplomas.