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Ontodidactic dilemmas in the face of information overload

The article tries to answer the fundamental question from the ontodidactic perspective: what to teach? The importance of ontodidactic dilemmas, i.e. referring to educational content, is emphasised by their context: information overload. This phenomenon has become one of the life attributes of contemporary youth. The article abounds in several facts and figures illustrating the complexity and responsibility of educational activities and the area of educational content selection. Moreover, the author engages in many issues concerning the organisation and methodology of the educational process in a time of information overload. In this background, she exposes an altered profile of a contemporary student – the homo mediens – and their expectations from school and a substantive educational offer. On top of that, she presents suggestions by ontodidacticians, which concern the directions of changes in educational content, its framework and selection.

“Included” in the network – excluded from freedom. Cyberspace participation in the dimension of time

The issue of the text focuses on the description of changes in the way of experiencing time by people involved in digital technologies. The article discusses the causes and consequences of new forms of human location in contemporary space-time, which is shaped and modified by modern technologies. The author puts forward the thesis that the attachment of a contemporary individual to virtual space can be treated as a kind of enslavement, considered in the dimension of time. Young people, whose childhood and adolescence were shaped under the influence of dynamically developing digital technologies, were chosen as the subject of the analysis. The issue of time is analyzed in the background of the current culture, which is called “the culture of the present”. The new quality of time can be assessed as captivating due to the speed imposed on man by the rapid progress of new technologies. The text also presents ways of rational time management in the digital world (in the ecology of time trend). This trend draws attention to the threats and dimensions of the enslavement of modern man resulting from excessive haste. It promotes the need to limit the dominance of social time and respect natural time.

Distance learning in the perspective of deep and reflective learning

The aim of the article is to show the process of studying young people remotely and to search for solutions leading to the improvement of the process in the perspective of deep and reflective learning. The article aims to solve the problem: how is the process of studying young people remotely? The method of individual cases, the technique of uncategorized, in-depth interview, was used to solve the problem. In the theoretical part, attention was paid to understanding the process of studying in the light of various didactic paradigms and an attempt was made to outline the approach of a deep and reflective learning process, looking for ways to improve the process of studying young people in this perspective. In the empirical part, the course of the process of studying the respondents remotely was presented, highlighting, above all, the components to which the respondents drew attention in their statements. The analysis of the empirical material shows that the process of studying young people is understood surface, superficially, it is limited to taking actions offered by the university on the educational platform. Students do not use their potential in the process of studying, they do not show full, possible commitment. The analysis of the empirical material leads to the development of practical guidelines aimed at improving the process of studying young people, which result from the assumptions of deep and reflective learning. The research shows the need to focus attention on the process of studying and its effectiveness, the need to take action by academic teachers, and above all by students focused on improving the process.

About encounter. In searching of spiritual dimension in educational-didactical relation

The purpose of this essay is to point out how important for righteous educational – didactical course the problem of encounter is. The method applied by author relies on analyzing the concept of encounter from the perspective of humanities and social studies. Thanks to that, there can be pointed out the essential (spiritual-metaphysical) aspect of encounter as an interpersonal event by reference to ontological category, of which example could be the space of interrelationship. The author assumed that an encounter is unquestionably a positive occurrence. The reference in this reflection is an issue of spiritual potential of homo sapiens and what comes with it – the culture condition of human population. Recently it is characterized rather weak, whereas the undisputed preeminence – domination of mass culture, which annihilates the spiritual element. For every humanist this situation is a justified reason for concern. Going back to the fundamental matter – strengthening the position of high culture, remembering that human being is an animal symbolicum and can not focus only on meeting the needs of a lower rank. Notwithstanding spirituality is demanding. It makes high demands, for the highest price, which the human has to pay that is the question of abjuration and that only a few can afford. All hope maintains in teachers – idealists who adoring the ideals of high culture will strengthen their spiritual existence and furthermore in educative process inspire and pass on values and ideals to their students, pupils. Conclusion which comes to mind after the analysis is following: a true educational – didactical relation can occur only then and exclusively when it will be in consequence of an encounter set on the spiritual foundation, of which the main beneficiaries will be students and pupils.

Creating an impaired identity of the Other in the educational environment (psychiatricization)

The aim of the article, based on a qualitative study, is to identify and interpret the meanings parents assign to messages conveyed by school personnel about the behavior of students with moderate and severe intellectual disabilities coupled with autism. The main research objective is to present the mechanism of impairment of the identity of pupils in special education, known as psychiatricization. The phenomenon of psychiatricization occurs in situations where school staff abuse and misinterpret the behaviour of people with intellectual disabilities, looking for mental illness in the behaviours they present. One of the reasons for this phenomenon is the misunderstood, behavioural-coded communication of pupils perceived as mentally ill by teachers who are convinced they should be diagnosed and treated with appropriate psychotropic drugs in order to subdue and quieten the awkward pupil. A consequence of the activities and discourse of school staff, i.e. psychiatricization, including stigmatization, harm, abuse of power-knowledge, is falsifying the identity of students, depriving them of opportunities and opportunities for optimal development and satisfying their special educational needs. The presented qualitative research is located in the constructivistinterpretative paradigm, and the mainstream of the scientific narrative is the critical theory.

The precariat in the feature film

This paper discusses selecting films (realized shortly before the COVID-19 pandemic) portraying the precariat in today’s world. Working poor in lowwage jobs cannot secure a livelihood, which creates frustration and leads to a loss of personal and social dignity among this social class. My main focus is human dignity in the face of poverty and economic and social marginalization, enabled by a political system allowing contemporary forms of exploitation. In this paper, I refer to social scientists and filmmakers who warn against the escalation of aggression brought on by this phenomenon. The research aim of my study was to acquire knowledge of how the precariat has been presented in selected films and whether and why this phenomenon is the cause of human dignity and social exclusion. The first part covers definitions of the terms involved (precariat, human dignity), while the second discusses three selected films that explore the subject above.

The rebellion of the young – the liberating role of the bicycle

The text is a story about a group of boys who, by following the pedagogy of adventure, change not only themselves but also a fragment of space. Institutions of power, and society itself, expect subordination within the space in which we function. It is the authority (in whatever shape) that determines the spatial development (laws, regulations, resolutions). The same is done by people who claim the right to be called the guardians of social space, that is, the validity of the social order they postulate in the place they “occupy” (house, street, district). As a result of the interference of such people, we are dealing with a “soft” variety of a total institution. The example of young cyclists from Dirt park KrossKiller in Szczecin can show this process and the form of resistance on the part of the oppressed. It is therefore about a micro-community, which through its action, can be defined as a rebellion against the so-called guardians of space who want to create their own place on Earth, they experience an adventure, by their actions, they fit into the framework of the pedagogy of adventure. While filming and writing the text, the method of observation was used.

Good manners seen through the crystal that is savoir-vivre by Zofia Stryjeńska

The aim of this article is an interpretative analysis of savoir-vivre guide by Zofia Stryjeńska. I analyse that in the context of other good manners guides, social reality, opinion polls and also life and work of great painter. What is interesting for me is: the understanding of savoir-vivre by Stryjeńska, the values, attitudes and gestures connected with savoir-vivre, and if Stryjeńska brings something new to this or she only repeats what other authors say. I focus not only on contents of this guide but also on its formal aspects (construction, style of expression, graphic design). One may draw three main conclusions on this publication. Firstly, Stryjeńska skillfully combine high society culture and social egalitarianism. Secondly, this is – like in art déco – geometric synthesis of what is classical and traditional and what is modern and international. Thirdly, this is anticipating of some issues, bringing some themes which had not been interesting for savoir-vivre experts so far and now they are interesting for people according opinion polls. All these features make Zofia Stryjeńska’s guide original and different than any others, both prewar and postwar, savoir-vivre guides.

Polish Adaptation of the Online Test Anxiety Inventory (OTAI-PL)

Test anxiety is an obstacle that may influence education and professional life. Currently, the remote form of learning is widespread. Thus, a need for measuring test anxiety in an online setting appeared. The paper describes a validation process of a Polish adaptation of the Online Test Anxiety Inventory (OTAI). Three hundred thirty-nine students participated in the study. The confirmatory factor analysis showed a similar structure to the original study (Alibak et al., 2019). The inventory consists of three scales: psychological, physiological, and online. Results of a study indicated the validity of the Polish version of OTAI: we found gender differences and statistically significant correlations with self-esteem as well as with math anxiety. Moreover, we observed high internal consistency of scales and their high test-retest reliability. Based on these results, we argue that OTAI-PL can be considered a valid and reliable inventory, which allows online test anxiety measurement and can be particularly useful in times of pandemic and the pressure on the online form of education.

Motivation of professional achievements of early childhood education teachers and their self-esteem

The education of the youngest students requires from teachers not only professional competences but also specific personality traits and motivation that goes beyond common standards, which is a striving to compete with the standards of excellence and adequate self-assessment in terms of their ability to act effectively. Taking into account the importance of this issue, the aim of the undertaken research was to determine the relationship between the motivation of professional achievements of early childhood education teachers and their self-esteem, and to verify the working hypothesis assuming a significant relationship between these variables. The obtained results confirmed the adopted hypothetical assumptions, providing interesting conclusions.

Therapeutic uses of music and anxiety level in teachers in times of pandemic – pilot study

During the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an increase in anxiety and distress in many populations. They particularly affected selected professional groups, e.g. teachers. Among the strategies for coping with anxiety and stress, interventions using music as a tool to reduce tension are showing promising results. For the purpose of this study, a therapeutic intervention protocol using various music-based activities was constructed. A pilot study was carried out to initially assess the effectiveness of the intervention, and – on the other hand – to check the feasibility of the proposed experiment in terms of methodology and practice. The study involved 13 participants (n = 13); a mixed study design with a triple-repeated measures was used (the GAD-7 Generalized Anxiety Questionnaire). The results were interpreted both in an individualized and experimental perspective, with a statistical analysis (ANOVA, Student’s t-test). They suggest that the original musical intervention contributed to the reduction of the level of anxiety in the time course. Due to the size of the sample and the pilot design of the study, the results should be treated with caution.

Seeking and experiencing the social support by people with a homosexual orientation

The article presents the results of a study on the subject of seeking and experiencing the social support by homosexual people and the social attitudes they experience (fear of rejection, lack of understanding, discrimination, acceptance). The study used the original questionnaire, which was completed by 108 people with a homosexual orientation. The research material was collected using the snowball method. The research of the results indicate the search for support in various people/groups depending on the crisis situation affecting homosexuals. The group by which they feel supported and accepted are primarily their friends, and the person with whom they most often seek and experience support in the family environment is their mother. A significant percentage of the respondents also benefit/ed from the support of specialists. Most homosexual people don’t feel accepted in Poland, pay attention to the sense of social exclusion, discrimination, fear of revealing their homosexual orientation in the sphere of social life and their own family. All these factors can cause an increased need to seek and receive social support.

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In the context of the military conflict in Ukraine, since February 24, 2022, the Polish government has decided to include refugee children in the continuation and implementation of education in the Polish education system at various stages and levels of education. Educational institutions in Poland have faced the great challenge of accepting refugee children into the Polish education system. Due to the war situation, both children with a refugee background and their guardians (mothers), as well as teachers, were confronted with the reality that showed many aspects of education and the implementation of the didactic process in a situation hitherto unknown and unexpected. The article aims to provide a preliminary diagnosis of the education process of children with a refugee background from the perspective of teachers and institutional support. In addition, the analysis also attempted to assess the health and mental well-being of children with experience of war trauma. Critical reflection on the education process of refugee children in Poland is based on available reports and studies of quantitative and qualitative research carried out primarily by public institutions (Polish Ministry of Education and Science, UNHCR, Integrated Educational Platform) and the private sector (Centre for Citizenship Education 2022–2023).

This study aimed to review the literature on anorexia prevention programmes targeting the general population and populations at risk and to describe the programmes selected for the review. Methods: The review was conducted under the PRISMA guidelines. The following digital databases were explored: PsychINFO, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science. 412 records, including 92 full-length research articles, were critically analysed. Fourteen studies that met all inclusion criteria were ultimately included in the analysis. Results: Most studies described prevention programmes for adolescents or young adults. The majority of the reviewed programmes targeted girls and young women. General and selective prevention programmes were the predominant types of interventions. The evaluated programmes differed considerably in content, modality, and duration. All of the reviewed studies have been published in the last 18 years. Conclusions: Further research is needed to develop anorexia prevention programmes that are more effective, deliver more lasting outcomes, and can be applied in various populations. Methods supporting the broad implementation of such programmes should also be identified.

The article presents the results of the content analysis of the selected examples of teacher press. The research focuses on the phenomenon of the Women’s Strike, engaging young people at an unprecedented scale in recent Polish history and significantly influencing the youth’s worldview. The research methodology, derived from Protest Event Analysis, applied quantitative and qualitative content analysis and the methods used in ecolinguistics to analyse discursive absences, defined in the form of voids, traces, and masks. The research sample comprised four titles of teacher press with issues published during and after the Women’s Strike. The analysis showed the meaningful absence of the issue of the Women’s Strike, with only some cases of presence, traces and masks, all showing an underrepresentation of the topic in the research sample. Moreover, the press research revealed significant differences between Catholic press and ideologically neutral magazines in quantitative and qualitative dimensions.

The article addresses the implementation of regional education, a crucial component of socio-cultural identity. Its goal is to initiate a discussion on the essence of regional education in contemporary schools and present a pilot study on students’ knowledge about their region. The research shows that the role of schools in acquiring knowledge about the region is significantly smaller than that of the family environment, the Internet, or learning through social observation. The research indicates the need for broader studies on schools’ current curricula and educational offers in regional education. Its results also reveal the urgent need to restore the methodological foundations of regional education in Poland. It will help remind young people of the importance of local cultural heritage values and their own roots in their lives. A modern school also needs to restore the idea of regional education as civic education, which is necessary to shape competencies conducive to integration and openness to others. It is extremely important, especially in the current social situation related to the ongoing war in Ukraine.

The focus on children’s well-being is fundamental to any child-centred policy. Hence, migrating children’s interests are usually considered in a migrant context rather than in the best interests of the child, highlighting the challenges of implementing child-centred asylum policies in practice. Based on this observation, the paper focuses on the discrepancies between the legal provisions for the reception of minor asylum seekers in Poland and practice on the ground: how they serve the education opportunities for such children, as the only social area where the child-centred approach is detectable. The paper discusses the extent to which the legal provisions of the Polish migration law are suitable for adopting a child-centred approach in the asylum procedure to enable children to continue their education. It is further explored in connection to the Micreate fieldwork study with asylum-seeking children. The paper analyses specific institutions to assess their potential for implementing child-centred management in the reception and integration of asylum seekers and to highlight the obstacles in this direction. Finally, the paper formulates recommendations for necessary changes and shifts in practice to recognise the children-friendly practices in asylum procedures.

This paper presents an analysis of the personality traits and value preferences of Polish early adolescent students. Participants were 775 adolescents between 12-14 years (53% girls; Mage= 13.01; SD= 0.81), who completed two surveys: Picture-Based Personality Survey for Children and PictureBased Value Survey for Children. Fourteen-year-old adolescents preferred more Power values and less Tradition and Conformity values than 12- and 13-year-olds. They were also less open to experience and conscientious than their younger counterparts. 14-year-old girls had a stronger preference for Power and Achievement values and a weaker preference for Conformity values than 12-year-old girls. 14-year-old boys preferred more Traditional values than 12-year-old boys. Both 14-year-old girls and boys were less conscientious than the younger adolescents. A regression analysis with an interaction effect indicated that each age group had different relationships between gender and personality traits and their interactions with the particular value categories. The results are discussed in the context of possible practical rearing influence aimed at supporting young] preferred values and personality development in the context of education.

The article addresses the issue of the social implications of participating in religious groups, with particular emphasis on shaping the type of social capital among members of the mentioned religious groups or any group of a religious nature. It is not sufficiently represented in research work on modern sociology, especially the sociology of religious and modern lives, considering the context of the functioning of a modern man in their interpersonal space. To this end, qualitative research was carried out involving individual case studies. Various qualitative techniques were used: interviews, an analysis of document contents, photographs, biographies, observing participants in their social activities, trust, social ties (among members of the mentioned groups), the social roles of members, the implementation of social functions, participation in the common good, and the values and norms of social coexistence that guide the studied person. These imply the emergence of negative social capital, closing social capital, amoral familism and strong bonds in the norms developed by the group to which the analysed case belongs.

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Editorial

Early environmental education in the human epoch – from learning about the world to learning and becoming with the world

Implications of human-induced phenomena that include global warming and the drastic reduction of biodiversity adversely affect the entire biosphere, putting the existence of humans and non-human beings at risk. Shifting away from considering humans to be the centre of the world and viewing them as one of many equal elements that comprise that world is seen as the remedy for the resulting state of affairs. Education is believed to play a significant role in transforming the way people think about themselves and their position in the world. In view of the thesis presented above, the aim of this article is to demonstrate the changes occurring in the theory and practice of early environmental education, representing a specific response of its creators to the challenges of the human age. From a theoretical viewpoint, these changes involve a shift beyond ideas of anthropocentrism and turn to theories that show the world as a complex human-post-human community. At a practical level, this takes the form of what is referred to as a common worlds pedagogy. The author’s thesis is that practising a common worlds pedagogy enables children not only to learn about the world but also to learn and become with the world.

What childhood is? Pedagogical analysis about childhood studies

Interest in children and childhood has changed through the years. The changes were involved in theoretical ways of defining children and youth. Nowadays, these categories are intangible. It is evident that through ages, adults have changed how they treat children, think about childhood, and plan and research children and youth. The change from traditional to modern categories must be the clue to understanding childhood studies. The main reason for writing this paper was to discuss childhood research and studies. At the beginning are presented the historical contexts of the childhood research paradigm. In addition, basic ideas are shown about the modern formation of childhood studies. Moreover, the clue of this paper below is to show a paradigm change: a transition from traditional childhood to a modern one called childhood. The article is based on pedagogy and social studies literature. Also, it is a theoretical discussion about child and childhood studies.

The meaning of silence in music therapy

In this paper, the author attempts to provide a comprehensive description of the complex phenomenon of silence and sheds light on its significance within the context of music therapy. By considering various definitions of silence, as well as ways of approaching the phenomenon of silence, in both the domain of interpersonal communication and the abundant realm of sound, the author aims to highlight the multifaceted nature of the matter. The author discusses the distinction between the silence and the muteness, draws attention to an interdisciplinary character of the field, enumerates diverse angles of considering the issue, and examines the role of silence within a larger perspective of fields of psychotherapy and music therapy. In the presented cases of music therapy work, silence is a kind of a therapist’s tool. Owing to an insufficient amount of research papers on silence in music therapy, it is impossible to produce pioneering findings in the very field. In this paper the author ventures to summarise latest data, points out the urgency of delving deeper into the issue, and discloses novel prospects for music therapy to be discovered in pursuit of investigation of the ambiguous notion of silence.

The language of mathematical exhibits as a context for building mental educational paths of science centers visitors

Mathematical exhibits are an element of mathematical and didactic culture. The text below analyzes the elements of the narrative language of exhibits/exhibitions, which may be the carrier of specific meanings created by visitors to science centres. The analyzes undertaken in the text made it possible to indicate the categories of the language of commands and questions contained in these narratives. They are a cognitive context for creating mathematical cultural meanings among visitors to the centres. The study was carried out in two science centers in Poland, using a qualitative strategy, analyzing documents. The results showed quite a rich educational potential of mathematical exhibits. The language of the exhibits revealed the possibility of extensive cognitive support in the mathematical development of people visiting the centres. Forming beliefs consistent with current scientific knowledge about math cognition and learning.

Values in preschool age. About things that are important to children

Values in everyone’s life are an integral part of their existence. They guide their actions. They influence the decisions made. They help interpret their own behaviors and actions of others. Preschool age is a period when moral development begins, there are things that are more or less important to the child. It is therefore worth discovering what is important to preschool children. In order to learn about the values that are important to preschool children, a study was conducted involving 70 six-year-old children attending selected Bialystok kindergartens and preschool departments. The method used in the study was the analysis of work products and the tool was drawing analysis. The study took place during the children’s stay at the facility. The data obtained allowed to answer the research problem: What values do six-year-old children consider important in their lives? The most important value for the children surveyed is family. Then play, toys and God as the creator of the world. The empirical data obtained can be a valuable source of information, allowing to adjust the education and upbringing process in such a way as to respond to the child’s nearest area of development.

Why do children like school? Friendly contemporary school – results of own research

In the discussion about the modern school, as an institution and a building, there are many social actors, often with different positions. More and more often, though still rarely, the students’ voice is allowed. Their perspective, as many studies show, can be extremely different from that of adults. The aim of my research was to recognize and understand the primary school students’ perspective in terms of their experience of the broadly understood school space and to describe the material and nonmaterial conditions of spaces in which children feel good and like to learn. I conducted my research in 2021 and 2022, shortly after the pandemic and the remote learning. I conducted the research in an interdisciplinary, qualitative approach among 12 students functioning in four different educational systems and environments: home education, private urban schools, public urban schools and public rural schools. The results of my research indicate that children need variety in the school space to feel comfortable and learn effectively. Respondents’ statements revealed several key factors important in places of learning: sense of security, free learning, completeness of the place, possibility to ask questions, consideration of home conditions and setting specific boundaries for the place of formal learning.

Joanna Maria Garbula, Edukacja przegranych. Fenomen narracji pamiętnikarskich [Educating the lost. The phenomenon of memoir narratives], Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warmińsko-Mazurskiego w Olsztynie, Olsztyn 2023, pp. 273

Aleksandra R. Kruszewska, Emoji. Emocje w komunikacji i edukacji [Emoji. Emotions in communication and education], Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Humanistyczno-Przyrodniczego im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie, Częstochowa 2023, pp. 317

Barbara Bilewicz-Kuźnia, Rozwijanie umiejętności matematycznych dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym [Developing of pre-school children’s mathematical skills], Wydawnictwo UMCS, Lublin 2018, pp. 448

Jolanta Karbowniczek, Anna Klim-Klimaszewska, Edukacja wczesnoszkolna w teorii i praktyce [Early childhood education – theory and practice], Wydawnictwo WAM, Kraków 2016, pp. 613

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Today, ethnic minorities have entered the second wave of emancipation. They are fighting for the right to cultural autonomy, the right to have their own past, history and social memory. The aim of the article is to learn how ethnic minorities “recover” lost social memory in the area of childhood memory and how they work to create ethnic identity again. The text is composed of four parts. The first presents selected aspects of childhood culture. The second is presents Pierre Nora’s concept of memory. The third is presents the results of research on selected ethnic literary texts (Kashubian and Silesian). The author’s conducted semantic and structural analyzes (in the approach of Roland Barthes and Paul Ricoeur). The analyzes allowed us to recognize ethnic childhood as a space of existential suffering and a time of loss of ethnic identity. The answer – in childhood and adulthood – are specific identity strategies. they are aids in constructing a new ethnic identity. The fourth part is Summary and reflection closing the text.

The aim of the article is to analyze the state of research on the Commission of National Education in the context of its anniversaries, especially anniversary celebrations and scientific achievements in 1873, 1973, 2013 and 2023. The historical-comparative method was used, which is used in research on the course of phenomena and processes taking place in past and is based mainly on the analysis of historical sources. Ceremonies commemorating the founding of KEN provoke increased interest in its merits, because the achievements of this distinguished institution are still in the center of attention, not only of historians, education historians, educators, lawyers, but also of those who treat the Polish Enlightenment tradition as an inspiration for reforming the education system. And this is hardly surprising, because the National Education Commission inspired young people with the spirit of citizenship and patriotism, and thus contributed to the survival of Polish culture and language. Moreover, subsequent anniversary celebrations are also a great way to pay tribute to the members and people cooperating with KEN. Generally, these are activities that serve to consolidate historical memory, because good memory of the past is also a clear awareness of the connection with the present.

The text is devoted to the analysis of Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi’s pedagogical concept of reforming criminal legislation, modernizing the prison system and dealing with convicts. Although this is not the main axis of his work and covers only a few texts, the message contained in them, supported by the author’s practical activity, makes him considered one of the main prison reformers of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the mental father of the first wave of Swiss penitentiary reforms and the protoplast of the educational view of the purpose of imprisonment. After a introduction, the importance of Pestalozzi’s work and activities for modernizing the prison system is presented, followed by an analysis of his proposals in this regard. However, not only a presentation of his views on the treatment of criminals and the handling of convicts was made, but also the contexts and references of his ideas were extensively outlined, referring to his literary works, his practical outreach and education activities, but also illustrating his immersion in the current of reforms of the time and references to figures with whom he worked and valued. The author hopes that this will put Pestalozzi’s visionary postulates into a broader perspective.

The article concerns theoretical considerations on psychological concepts of learning in the context of e-learning. The author begins the theoretical analysis by reviewing the literature, including behavioural, cognitive and humanistic theories. Based on a detailed analysis, cognitivism is indicated as a theory that has particular application in e-learning, especially due to the continuity of the teaching process and adapting the content to the student’s level. An example of a cognitive model is D. Kolb’s model, which can be effectively used in e-learning because it includes closed cognitiveexperimental processes. The basic argument for adopting cognitive theories as dominant in e-learning is their ability to maintain the continuity of the educational process, which can be effectively implemented via e-learning platforms. A key element connecting cognitive theories with e-learning is the Multiple Coding Theory, which suggests that the transfer of knowledge becomes more effective when it takes place through different channels, enabling reception through several senses.

Scientists were interested in better patient care and sought the best measures to achieve this goal. One path is through incorporating humanities into medical and healthcare practitioners’ education. The really big idea is that one studies humanities to become a better human, and while there are a billion reasons to study humanities, this paper focuses on how, through art and humanities, people can comprehend health, illness, and disability, namely how literature can be used to raise awareness about Alzheimer’s disease. This paper introduces the notion of medical and health humanities, briefly summarises their beginning, and how, so far, the applied literature in health sciences has been used. Next, the idea is illustrated in the example of Lisa Genova’s novel Still Alice. This part analyses how sickness and its impact on people’s lives is portrayed. Finally, the article proposes an original mode of application to acquire a deeper insight into illnesses, well-being, and pain that might be fostered in future healthcare providers, as well as a better understanding of patients and their caregivers.

The presented study was intended to shed some new light on the disturbance of body experience in persons with schizophrenia in reference to the Embodied Subject Model. The model proposes to complement theoretical linkages between concepts related to bodiness – body self and mental representations of the body (body schema, body image, body awareness) and a relatively new concept of body identity. The main research questions were: Given that persons with schizophrenia are characterised by the painful experience of their body as an external object, would they also manifest i/ weakened sensorimotor integration mechanisms, ii/ disordered mental representations of the body, iii/ weakened sense of body ownership? 41 individuals with schizophrenia and 41 matched controls participated in the Rubber Hand Illusion procedure. Body representations were measured with a Battery of Tests of the Body Self Representations. The individuals with schizophrenia showed lower scores in three body representations and greater susceptibility to the rubber hand illusion. It suggests that the explanation of susceptibility to disturbances in the sense of body ownership should be focused on the deficient structure of mental representations of the body.

The subject matter discussed in the article comprises the issues related to social relations, in particular with making life choices by young adults: the decisions related to the choice of friends, the choice of a life partner or a consent to the marriage of the child with a person of a different religion or nationality. The research with the use of the survey method was conducted among students from the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia, living in culturally diverse areas. The surveyed students show an open attitude towards Others in terms of religion. The results of the study confirmed the earlier tendency to choose close acquaintances and friends, regardless of their religious denomination. Students are a little less willing to choose a life partner and are aware of the difficulties encountered by mixed marriages.

The article presents the biographies of representatives of the third post-war generation of Polish Jews. It attempts at reconstructing the experiences of becoming a religious Jew, choosing a Jewish path in adolescence where there is no or incomplete transmission of intergenerational cultural heritage in the family of origin. The two women’s biographies were analysed in terms of independent acquisition of cultural (religious) knowledge and the possibilities and limitations of Jewish education in our country. The research was carried out based on the biographical method and unstructured/ in-depth interviews (2018–2022). Exemplifications in the form of the two biographies serve to distinguish the stages of “becoming a religious Jew and mother” in the “found generation”, to show individual biographical events and common biographical sequences (mostly educational and parental).

The aim of the article is the issue of the media image of two priests, created for the needs of popular culture in biographical feature films. The first of them is the American priest Stuart Ignatius Long, portrayed in the film Father Stu. The second is the Polish priest Jan Kaczkowski, shown in the film Johnny. The films, due to the fact that they present people called to the priesthood, priests of the Catholic Church who devote themselves to religious activities, meet the criteria of religious cinema. The research issue was to determine whether the film productions about the mentioned priests are film hagiographies of clergy, confessional religious cinema or only loosely refer to the true biographies of priests. Priests, who struggled with their own handicap and illness for most of their lives, which they never hid from their faithful, did not hinder their pastoral ministry.