TABLE OF CONTENTS

SPIS TREŚCI

Publikacja “Kultura i Edukacja” w języku angielskim, udostępnienie wersji cyfrowej w wolnym dostępie i zabezpieczenie oryginalności publikacji zgodne ze standardem COPE – zadania finansowane w ramach umowy 853/P-DUNdem/2018 ze środków Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę.

The author assumes that the problem of migration is inscribed in the development of man and cultures. Treating inherited culture as an inalienable value, the basis for awareness and creation of the paradigm of the coexistence of cultures. Author points to the currently dominant principles of global politics. Points out that people belonging to the same global civilization should actively participate in the process of creating a global paradigm of the coexistence of cultures by planning and undertaking educational activities supporting the adaptation processes, shaping awareness of borderland functioning and related intercultural competences. The final effect in the proposed model is a balanced identity system that the Author perceives and analyzes in three areas (inherited, individually shaped and socially realized), in three time periods (past, present, anticipated future) and many dimensions of individual identity (biological, psychological, economic, cultural, intellectual, existential, etc.) and also many dimensions of socio-cultural identity (family, parish, local, regional, religious, ethnic, national, state, continental, global).

Foreigners on the Polish labor market constitute a small percentage of all employees. However, since 2016 – that is, since the introduction of the “500+ program” – a dynamic increase in this group of employees has been observed, which suggests the growing demand for work of economic immigrants in Poland. In the population of working foreigners, the citizens of Ukraine constitute the most numerous group. Data from the World Bank, the Ministry of Development, Labor and Technology, the Social Insurance Institution and the Supreme Chamber of Control allowed the author to outline the social situation of economic immigrants in Poland, and to show that Poland is (among others) an economically attractive place to work, especially for Ukrainian citizens. The analysis of statistical data prompted the author to ask the question: Who are those who hide behind the numbers? The answer to this question was provided by biographical and narrative interviews conducted in a Ukrainian family. The conclusion resulting from the comprehensive analysis of the empirical material indicates that the Polish state in its internal policy with insufficient care protects the economic and cultural rights of economic immigrants and their children.

The pandemic has significantly changed the social and economic situation in the world in recent months. Its effects affect people from disadvantaged groups and from groups with risk of disadvantage at the most. Migrants residing in different parts of the world for economic reason, were deprived of job opportunity, but also to return to their home country. People fleeing persecution and war cannot benefit from international protection, because of suspension of international programmes and reduction of state involvement in providing aid. The situation of the families has a direct impact on the situation of the children. The issue is important, but also poorly described in Polish scientific literature. The article is an attempt to identify the basic problems they are confronted migrant children not only in Poland, but also in other countries. The analysis were determined by the question: What is the impact of the crisis caused COVID-19 on the situation of migrant children? The answer was formulated in relation to current international studies and it has preliminary nature. It requires further analysis, especially focused on empirical research.

The article presents a proposal of the psycho-pedagogical transcultural diagnosis model of migrant’s problems. A ground to this type of models and procedures, based on the main assumptions of contemporary theories of transculturalism, creates a consequence of the fact, that it is one of the most significant characteristics of our times, as well as the fact that the transculturation process among this social group is currently a very dynamic one. In the model presented hereby (due to the practical and innovative nature of pedagogy and in response to the need of diagnostic models and procedures modification postulated by migration experts) the specificity of progress and blockades symptoms of immigrants’ adaptation were also taken into account - with regard to phases of adaptation and integration processes in the social, psychological, didactic, care and educational spheres.

The article is an attempt to define the attitudes of students of pedagogy studies towards immigrants in the aspect of the emotional attitude manifested. In the near future these students will decide on the educational process and consequently on the quality of social functioning. The quality of their activities depends not only on their level of knowledge, but also on their attitude towards the social processes. To achieve the research goal, a diagnostic survey method with a survey technique based on semantic differential was used. The research proved that the surveyed students show a neutral attitude towards immigrants. Such an attitude may indicate indecisiveness and lack of acceptance, which undoubtedly may be closer to a negative attitude. The research also indicates an urgent need for intercultural education.

The dual vocational education system in Germany is recognised as a model worldwide. The second decade of the 21st century is unfolding under the visible effects of the technological revolution, social changes and intensified migration flows. Difficulties in filling vacant working places, the need to intensify professional orientation, closer cooperation among schools influence the development of new solutions for the system. In relation to the Polish vocational education reform, such paradigms as employer and school, student and master, vocational orientation, professional integration of migrants acquire new meanings. The current problems of the German dual system and its possible solutions become a reference for the current discussion on young people’s vocational education in Poland.

The article draws attention to the difficulties in functioning as a pupil and peer of children of other cultures (migrants) who have to find themselves in a new educational and social reality after coming to Poland. There will be special analysis made of migrant children (of other nationalities), who mainly face language competence deficits and, consequently, adaptation and educational problems. The educational system has to more often face the new challenges of teaching and bringing up multicultural students (belonging to different national, ethnic, linguistic, and religious). For them, Polish is usually a foreign language that significantly influences the quality of their social contacts and educational achievements. Language proficiency is therefore crucial for school success and integration. One of these challenges is to accurately and reliably identify the needs of students with multiple difficulties at different levels of education to organize effective psychological and pedagogical assistance. The article draws attention to the key elements of the diagnostic process which include: a diagnostician, a child, a parent (subjects in the research relationship), and research methods and tools (subjects). The issue of limitations of the process of diagnosing specific learning and social difficulties becomes particularly important here, as well as identification of barriers resulting from the search for effective assistance solutions.

In recent years, especially since 2014, we have observed an unprecedented increase in the number of migrants in Poland, which is also reflected in the school community. Every year the number of migrant students grows, and with it the challenges faced by Polish schools. One of the responses of Polish legislation to these difficulties are intercultural assistants who, working in schools, support migrant students, their parents and teachers. They are also a kind of bridge connecting the Polish and migrant communities. In this article, I refer to the concept of intercultural opening, which is about building inclusive communities and institutions (including schools) for everyone, regardless of origin, nationality or language of communication. The aim of this article is to present the concept of intercultural opening as one of the antidotes to the challenges of the increasing number of migrants and cultural diversity, and the role of intercultural assistants in the process of intercultural school opening. In the first part of the article, I present the situation of migrant children in Polish schools. I refer to the statistical data and the legal framework which determine the education system of migrant children in Poland. The second part contains the concept of an intercultural opening of the school and its characteristic features, while the third one presents the role and tasks of an intercultural assistant in the process of intercultural opening of the school. The last part of the article is a summary.

The modern, globalized world require from many persons to be in constant movement between not only geographical areas but also cultural circles. Representatives of various cultural, religious, national or ethnic groups meet on a daily basis as part of the education process, professional tasks or free time. Efficient functioning in such an environment is not possible without extended intercultural competences and creating open and tolerant society goes along with the need of breaking, rooted in tradition, stereotypes and prejudices. For a long time, a significant percentage of activities aimed at establishing relationships and cooperation between people from different cultures was based on the assumptions of the contact hypothesis, the essence of which is personal contact, exchange of experiences and verification of beliefs. This approach is reflected, inter alia, in in the European Erasmus + programs to support youth and academic mobility. Currently in the era of limitation of the possibility of movement caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic, most activities within education systems throughout Europe are carried out remotely. Contact mediated by new technologies very often lacks or significantly reduces the possibility of receiving non-verbal elements of communication, such as facial expressions, body language, proxemics or paralinguistic factors. The purpose of this article is to reflect on the effectiveness of actions based on the contact hypothesis in the case of distance contact and the need to search for new, alternative solutions in this regard. The starting point will consist of analysis of the benefits from implementing activities based on direct contact, on the example of the involvement of Erasmus+ program students in activities in the field of intercultural education in primary school. On the other hand, the difficulties observed in international projects, in which contact between participants due to the introduced restrictions must be mediated by the media will be described.

The doll as a symbol of person is recognizable all over the world. Due to its communicative function, it is a tool worth using in intercultural education. A motanka doll is a ragged, hand-made doll, the symbolism of which is conducive to telling stories about its own culture. The use of this artifact in the context of work on the migration experience is based on the theoretical assumptions of ethno-pedagogy and the methods of work of intercultural education. The discussion of working with a motanka doll was presented on the basis of classes with students of preschool and early school education as part of the “Cultural anthropology” course.