SPIS TREŚCI / CONTENTS / ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ

Publikacja “Nowa Polityka Wschodnia” w języku angielskim, udostępnienie wersji cyfrowej w wolnym dostępie i zabezpieczenie oryginalności publikacji zgodne ze standardem COPE – zadania finansowane w ramach umowy 854/P-DUN/2018 ze środków Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę.

New Silk Road – An Opportunity for the Development of Rail Container Transport in Poland?

Poland, due to its location in the center of Europe, is a key element of the New Silk Road (NSR), an initiative that attempts to create the shortest land connection between China and Western Europe. This article analyzes various industry reports, national development strategies up to 2030, and EU and local projects to see is the further development of NSR an opportunity for container rail transport in Poland. As it turns out, the issue discussed in the article has hitherto been outside the circle of researchers’ interest, thus the analysis is an important supplement to the existing research gap. It indicates that the further participation of Poland in the Chinese One Belt One Road initiative is a great opportunity for the economic growth of the Republic of Poland (RP).

The Implications of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor for Pakistan-European Union Relations

The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) holds the potential to transform Pakistan along with its turbulent regional environment. In the short run, the multiple networks of infrastructure that the project provides will eventually improve Pakistan-European Union (EU) trade. Moreover, while the CPEC is unlikely to bring an immediate strategic shift in the bilateral dialogue, which is particularly lacking in political dynamics, its long-run promises can help to foster such dynamics. The project, if successful, can help Pakistan to establish a peaceful domestic environment and subsequently promote the country’s fresh image to reverse its softpower losses in Europe and beyond. This paper investigates contemporary Pakistan-EU relations, which have so far attracted little attention from international relations scholars. It presents the bilateral dynamics in the context of the CPEC, which is an unprecedented investment by China in Pakistan. The paper concludes by shedding light on the differences between China’s and the EU’s strategies vis-à-vis Pakistan. Despite the fact that the study focuses on one particular South Asian state, it can serve as a case study for the comparative analysis of China’s and the EU’s presence in third countries, especially those that, like Pakistan, have joined the Belt and Road Initiative.

Taiwanese Attitudes toward the Political Newcomers in 2016

Taiwan’s Legislative Yuan (LY) is commonly seen as an institution comprised of career politicians. In fact, candidates without prior experience in elected seats of the island’s political structures are no strangers to the LY. Moreover, in the 2016 parliamentary elections, the political novices enjoyed unprecedented support and achieved relative success. The New Power Party (NPP), which only formed in early 2015 and popular mainly due to the several debutants it fielded, including Freddy Lim, Hung Tzu-yung and Huang Kuo-chang, emerged as the LY’s third-largest party. Although it garnered only five of the 113 seats (4.4%), it was a great win for the fledgling party, ranking it third behind the Kuomintang (KMT) and the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), which have reigned over the island’s political scene for the past several decades. This article examines the phenomenon of Taiwanese novices. It looks at them from the voters’ perspective. It surveys the demographic profiles and political preferences of Taiwanese who support the newcomers’ engagement in the political process, and compares them with citizens who express negative attitudes toward the newcomers.

Markets, countries and politics. Selected political and economic problems of the Middle East in the modern world

Control and access to resources and trade routes have always conditioned and determined the position of a given country on the world stage and its wealth. For many centuries, the Middle East region has been one of the most important regions in the world, both due to its geographical location, as a link between East and West, and natural resources available to individual countries. Despite the enormous diversity of Middle Eastern countries and the danger of over-generalization, it is worth looking at the whole area, which in the future may become an important center in the global economy and an important point of world politics.

Selected Factors Shaping Turkish Foreign Policy

The analysis of determinants shaping the foreign policy of modern states requires taking into account a whole range of internal and external factors, both of an objective and subjective nature. The use of the typology of foreign policy determinants should be supplemented with the characteristics of factors specific to a given country, most often included in the social or cultural sphere. The lack of this type of supplement not only impairs the analysis but also makes it impossible to obtain a full picture of the phenomena and processes studied. One of the countries in which the analysis of foreign policy conditions requires consideration of a whole range of additional factors is the Republic of Turkey. The Kemalist ideology, Turkish Islam and Kurdish separatism described in this article, have a significant impact on the shape of contemporary Turkish foreign policy, thus should be thoroughly studied by all attempting to understand Turkish foreign policy.

European Union monitoring mission in Georgia EUMM in years 2008-2019

The article concerns the functioning of the European Union Monitoring Mission EUMM Georgia in the years 2008-2019. The EUMM mission was presented as a tool to guarantee the sustainability of the Sarkozy-Medvedev agreement. It is considered to be crucial to decide what results led to the functioning of the Mission and to determine whether the current situation in the region allows to state that the objectives of the Mission have been achieved and its further occurrence is justified. The article includes the issue of the negative impact exerted by the limited nature of the mission’s mandate on the practical activities of observers for the stabilization and normalization of post-conflict situations. The balance sheet of the Mission’s activity and perspectives of its functioning were presented in the form of a scenario of future events.

Threats to the safety of children in the conflict zone in eastern Ukraine

Publications on the conflict in eastern Ukraine rarely describe the situation of children living in the combat zone. More attention is paid to the political, economic and military aspects of this confrontation. The author has set himself two goals. The first one is to check how the war affects the biological and mental aspects of children’s lives. The second is an attempt to answer the question whether there is a possibility of improving the situation of minors. The paper on the problematic system is divided into three parts. The first part draws attention to the following problems: difficulties with access to medical care, increased incidence of infectious diseases, growing drug addiction, drinking water pollution, as well as the threat of unexploded ordnance. The second part describes: threats to mental health of children, socialization problems (pre-school and school education, family crisis, shaping of national identity), as well as participation of child soldiers in the conflict in Donbass. The last section of the article contains conclusions. The considerations were prepared on the basis of carefully verified materials in English, Ukrainian and Polish. Many publications were downloaded from the websites of international organizations, analytical centers and scientific institutions.

Social significance of the military settlers in the Eastern parts of the Second Polish Republic

The article is devoted to the theme of military settlers (pol. osadnicy) in Eastern parts of Poland, which are called “Kresy”, in the first half of the twentieth century. The authors focus on the historical background of military precipitating caused by Polish government, as well as descriptions of the life of military colonialists in the eastern territories. Considerable attention is paid to the study of the social significance of the settlers, which is manifested mainly in the economic and cultural sphere. The topic of military settlers in the West of Ukraine has been poorly studied. Modern sources describe a small amount of information about history that caused the agrarian reform in Poland and their impact on life in Western Ukraine. The paper is focused on the problems of military colonization in the Eastern Poland in the first half of the twentieth century. The research methodology is based on the analysis of available facts, as well as the statistical evaluation of archival data. As a result, an assessment was made of the positive influence of the military colonization to economy in the West of Ukraine.

Report from the Conference „National Security Strategy in an Emer- gency Situation - Practical Implications for Cooperation between Local Governments, Society and Uniformed Services”, Włocławek, May 22-23, 2019

Отчет с конференции «Стратегия национальной безопасности в чрезвычайной ситуации - практические последствия для сотрудничества между местными органами власти, обществом и службами в форме», Влоцлавек, 22-23 мая 2019 года

Reforms in Central Europe - a new order on the Old Continent?
[book review Die neue Ordnung auf dem alten Kontinent. Eine Geschichte des neoliberalen Europa]

Реформы в Центральной Европе - новый порядок на Старом континенте?
[рецензия книги Die neue Ordnung auf dem alten Kontinent. Eine Geschichte des neoliberalen Europa]

From indifference to commitment - relations between the United States and UE member states
[book review Aktywność dyplomacji USA wobec państw członkowskich Unii Europejskiej w latach 2009-2013]

От безразличия к участию или отношения между США и государствами-членами Европейского Союза
[рецензия книги Aktywność dyplomacji USA wobec państw członkowskich Unii Europejskiej w latach 2009-2013]

Asia from a completely new perspective
[book review Spojrzenie na Azję]

Азия с совершенно новой точки зрения
[рецензия книги Spojrzenie na Azję]

Between culture, faith and society
[book review Religie i dziedzictwo kulturowe Azji]

Между культурой, верой и обществом
[рецензия книги Religie i dziedzictwo kulturowe Azji]

SPIS TREŚCI / CONTENTS / ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ

Publikacja “Nowa Polityka Wschodnia” w języku angielskim, udostępnienie wersji cyfrowej w wolnym dostępie i zabezpieczenie oryginalności publikacji zgodne ze standardem COPE – zadania finansowane w ramach umowy 854/P-DUN/2018 ze środków Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę.

Adaptation of generations in post-Soviet countries to most radical social changes

The article inquiries into the influence of age on the adaptation to changes among post-Soviet societies. The analysis of secondary data from survey research conducted in representative research samples in post-soviet republics was used in the research. Survey data from Russia (N=992), Belarus (N=1034), Moldova (N=970) and Ukraine (N=1000) was analyzed. The results show that the age facilitates positive adaptation. Younger generations had a higher level of happiness, evaluated their financial situation, their standing in the social hierarchy and prospects for the future better. The highest level of satisfaction with democracy was noted in Belarus and Russia. Lower marks were given by the citizens of Moldova, whereas the biggest disappointment was noticed in Ukraine. The Russians and the Belarusians followed by the Moldovans were located on high positions on the continuum of adaptation to social changes, but the Ukrainians managed to adapt to the system to the lowest degree.

Orthodoxy and catholicism in Ukraine in 1989-2014 - a quantitative approach

The complex reality of religious and institutional situation in Ukraine (three orthodox churches; two catholic churches), imposed on ethnic relations, has a significant impact on the balance of power in Ukraine, reinforcing existing divisions: between Ukrainians and Russians, between west and east Ukraine, between Orthodox and Catholics. Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) is the most conservative force, with canonical and political ties (specially part of hierarchy) with Russia. It is the best organized religious structure in Ukraine with 12485 parishes and 10068 priests. Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kyiv Patriarchate (4536 parishes and 3141 priests) and the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church (1205 parishes, and 731 priests) are much more related to Ukrainian statehood and are supported by the Ukrainian state and the Ukrainian political parties on their road to autocephaly and canonical independence from Moscow Patriarchate. The most aroused nationalist forces (the All-Ukrainian Union “Svoboda”, Right Sector) are often associated with the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (3734 parishes and 2594 priests), the main supporter of the Ukrainian nationalism.

Uzbekistan: A State Undergoing Total Reconstruction

This study attempts to demonstrate the reform strategies implemented in the last three years in Uzbekistan. The author focuses on analyzing the implementation of five priorities of this strategy - the dialogue between the authorities and society, human resources and management system, economy and social sphere, and security and foreign policy. He devotes a great deal of attention to present the image of the architect of these reforms - the president of the state. He emphasizes that the style of exercising power, including the implementation of reforms by Shavkat Mirziyoyev, fits into the model of transformational leadership. It is a reforming, missionary, and servant (national) leadership tailored to the expectations and aspirations of the society, but also burdened with high risk, regardless of the starting conditions for the reconstruction of the state.

Contemporary terrorist threats in the Czech Republic

Terrorism has been evolving and taking different forms since the beginning of the XXI century. It is closely related to the geopolitical situation in the world. The development of research of safety indicates evidently that terrorism currently constitutes one of the biggest threats to the security of countries. That is why the analysis of terrorist threats in Central European countries, including the Czech Republic, seems to be indispensable. It is the Western European countries that are struggling today with intrastate terrorism whose effects lead to destabilization of national integrity and jeopardise social security. This situation is also important for neighbouring countries and international organisations to which they belong, such as the European Union or NATO. Data collected between 2014 and 2019 shows that the Czech Republic has improved its terrorist threat combating system and it is constantly reducing the impact of threats on the situation in the country. Terrorism as a phenomenon, and at the same time a kind of weapon for the increasing number of its proponents, needs to be acknowledged immediately. Its complexity imposes determining ways of countervailing it in the future. The presented analysis is a sort of study on cases in the context of threats with the characteristic of terrorism in the Czech Republic.

Sexual violence as a weapon in armed conflicts on the example of the activities of the “Islamic State” toward Yazidis women

The dissertation consists of the analysis of the criminal activity of the „Islamic State” toward Yazidis women. Religious and political reasons for the crimes committed on this religious minority will be presented. The authors will present, for example, among others selected articles from the “Dabiq” magazine or the pamphlet entitled The questions and answers on Hostages and Slaves. It was published in 2015 by an organization, in which an interpretation of Islamic law with regard to justification for sexual slavery was made subsequently. The authors will also refer to numerous reports of non-governmental organizations. The current situation of Yazidi women and the issue of bringing to justice the perpetrators of the crime committed in Yazidi will be analyzed.

Indo-Japanese cooperation within Africa-Asia Growth Corridor

Africa due to natural resources and demographic potential is a region of expansion for world powers - not only USA, EU and China, but also equally ambitious India and Japan. As part of bilateral cooperation, India and Japan established the concept of the Africa-Asia Growth Corridor (AAGC). The Growth Corridor is certainly an interesting and tempting proposition for African countries. The main goal is to build an effective and sustainable intercontinental mechanism, integrating economies, institutions and people. As an ambitious global concept, AAGC will not avoid comparisons with the Chinese One Belt, One Road Initiative. Africa and the Indian Ocean are an integral part of both initiatives. Nevertheless, there are differences. AAGC, unlike OBOR, which is a unilateral initiative of China, is a bilateral initiative of Japan and India. AAGC has also consultative nature, which means Africa’s participation in the decision-making process. In addition, the funding for the promotion of OBOR projects comes mainly from Chinese banks or Chinese government sources. In the case of AAGC, the funds come both from government and commercial sources as well as from international institutions, including the African Development Bank. Ultimately, the Chinese proposal is more expansive, more ambitious and global, embracing other continents not only Africa and Asia. The aim of the article is to describe and analyze the Indo-Japanese cooperation within the Africa-Asia Growth Corridor initiative.

Activity of Members of the European Parliament of the 9th term on the social platform Facebook - comparative analysis

Social media has changed the social lives of humans. The real-world activities are conducted more often on the Internet; the content posted on such social networking sites as Facebook may serve here as an example. Activity in social media is particularly important for politicians and public figures since such a means of communication allows them to maintain direct contact with voters and citizens. Social media also serves as a platform for creating an image and a personal brand of a politician. Due to the activity on these types of platforms, lesser known people can gain wider recognition and reach a larger group of recipients. However, it should be also noted that as far as public figures are concerned, increased activity does not always denote the achievement of a goal. Politics are simply unpredictable and there are many factors influencing voting preferences.

The image of peasant culture in the political thought of selected people’s parties of the Second Polish Republic

Culture formed a significant element of political thought of every major political movement, both during the final years of partition of Poland, and after it regained its independence. The scope of interest of people’s parties covered almost everything that had a rural context, relating to the many millions of peasants. The present article analyzes the program assumptions of the Polish People’s Party “Piast” [Pol. Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe “Piast”], Polish People’s Party “Wyzwolenie” [Pol. Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe “Wyzwolenie”], Peasant’s Party [Pol. Stronnictwo Chłopskie] and the People’s Party [Pol. Stronnictwo Ludowe] relating to the aforesaid category of political sciences. These parties played a significant role in the history of people’s movement, influencing the shape of the recreated Polish state during the interwar bi-decade. The political thought of people’s parties aimed at bestowing the peasant’s culture with both autonomous, and nationwide value. These ideological assumptions were included in the political programs of people’s parties.

Poles in the Lithuanian state

[book review Polacy na Litwie. Przeszłość i teraźniejszość]

Поляки в литовском государстве

[рецензия книги Polacy na Litwie. Przeszłość i teraźniejszość]

Crimea: history and present

[book review Krym. Znikający półwysep]

Крым: история и современность

[рецензия книги Krym. Znikający półwysep]

Security problems in Asia

[book review Problemy bezpieczeństwa: perspektywy azjatyckie]

Проблемы безопасности в Азии

[рецензия книги Problemy bezpieczeństwa: perspektywy azjatyckie]

Historical and political aspects of the Islamic World

[book review The World of Islam in Research Perspectives of Oriental Studies and Political Science. Vol. 1: History and Politics]

Историко-политические аспекты исламского мира

[рецензия книги The World of Islam in Research Perspectives of Oriental Studies and Political Science. Vol. 1: History and Politics]

Informations for authors

Информация для авторов

SPIS TREŚCI / CONTENTS / ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ

Publikacja “Nowa Polityka Wschodnia” w języku angielskim, udostępnienie wersji cyfrowej w wolnym dostępie i zabezpieczenie oryginalności publikacji zgodne ze standardem COPE – zadania finansowane w ramach umowy 854/P-DUN/2018 ze środków Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę.

A Concept of “Intermarium” in the Foreign Policy of Poland

The paper tackles the problem of the most important Polish geopolitical concept - “Intermarium” (“Międzymorze”). The attention was paid to the historical roots, the evolution in the mid-war period and after WWII. It also discusses the current state of this conception and its links with a project “Three seas’ initiative”, actively run by Polish authorities since 2016. The paper consists of four main chapters. It starts with presenting scientific roots of the “Intermarium”, that was developed at the beginning of the XX century by a famous geographer Eugeniusz Romer and included in Polish political discourse in the mid-war period. The “Inermarium” was planned to be an alliance of Central European countries to oppose the influences of stronger neighboring countries - the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany. Then the paper discusses the concept of “ULB”, that in the period of “cold war” to some extend revived the concept of Intermarium”. Authors of the “ULB” Jerzy Giedroyc and Juliusz Mieroszewski paid particular attention to the reconciliation and mutual understanding among nations of Central and Eastern Europe. Consecutively, the paper discusses the current state of “Intermarium”. Under the national-conservative government of the Law and Justice Party, since 2016 this concept is for the first time in its history implemented as an official part of Poland’s foreign policy. However, there are significant changes in the concept, starting with its name - “Three seas initiative”, that refers to Baltic, Black and Adriatic Seas. Within the concept, Poland is strengthening relations with other countries of Central Europe. Therefore, it can be understood as a new “North-South” geopolitical axis, that, to some extent should replace an “East-West” geopolitical axis, that for ages has played a crucial role in Polish foreign policy. The final conclusion of the paper is that currently Poland’s geopolitical interests are evolving into the North-South axis and the Eastern direction is losing its previous importance. Nevertheless, the future success or failure of the implementation of the concept will depend on the involvement of other Central European countries as well as of the interests of external political actors (USA, Russia).

Al-Farabi’s Philosophy of Morality and its Influence on the Development of Ethical Thought

Farabi’s doctrine about “The Virtuous city”, about justice and equality, society, peace and happiness, is becoming especially relevant regarding globalization processes in the world and construction the unity of the world community. This article examines the essence of the philosophy of morality of Al-Farabi and its influence on the further development of ethical thought.

The aim of this article is to examine two treaties which are often presented by scholars as potential models for a maritime regime in the South China Sea, namely the Svalbard Treaty and the Antarctic Treaty System. The work concludes that even though both of the treaties have resolved equally complex territorial disputes, their importance as a role model for the SCS is limited due to the unique political condition in the Asia-Pacific. However, the solutions within the sphere of environmental protection and the structure of decision-making institutions developed by the abovementioned treaties present a valuable lesson and a potential example for the countries involved in the South China Sea dispute to emulate. The article argues that cooperation within environmental protection and fisheries management, as a low-profile endeavour, is easier to be put into practice than the joint development of highly contested hydrocarbon resources of the SCS. Furthermore, it can potentially lay foundation for the future high profile collaboration. The paper also presents a model of a maritime regime for the South China Sea.

Characteristics of Polish Migration Policy in the Context of the European Refugee Crisis

Migration policy, which until recently was absent in public space, has found its place in public debate and scientific research in recent years. Undoubtedly, the migration policy gained in popularity in 2015, when migrants began to migrate to Europe on a massive scale and the situation of their uncontrolled influx was described as a migration crisis. Although migration is a common phenomenon and has been known for years, increased migratory movements require countries to pursue a well-considered and consistent policy in this area. The situation in Europe has prompted reflection on Polish policy towards foreigners, which at that time, was different from European standards.

Ukrainian Military Mobilization Resource in Eastern Galicia: Numerical, Age and National Composition (1918)

In the article, based on published statistical publications, the works of Polish and Ukrainian historians, the author aimed to find out the demographic opportunities of the Ukrainian ethnithity of Eastern Galicia to fill the WUNR Armed Forces with sufficient personnel. Based on this and the nature of the sources, the religious (national), age, gender composition of the population of the entire Halych region have been analyzed, which made it possible to approximate the number and share of Ukrainians in the total population of the region before the outbreak of the world war. The calculated figure was adjusted as of 1918 according to objective, in our opinion, data around the natural and mechanical movement of the population and the imperial military mobilization campaigns during the Great War, used in various historical studies. At the same time, Ukrainian physical losses in the fields, the number of the wounded and imprisoned were taken into account to better understand the male demographic potential that could be used during military construction. Thus, the maximum indication of the possible number of human resources (not taking into account the state of health) in the Galician army was established, which is important for understanding the process of creation of military forces of Ukrainians at the end of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and at the beginning of its own state-building.

Commemoration of the Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky in 2015 and the Process of Democratization in Ukraine after the Revolution of Dignity

As a consequence of the crisis related to the overthrowof the president Yanukovych in Ukraine, anew social reality evolved. The changes are reflected, inter alia, in the reinterpretation of the identity and borders of the political community in Ukraine. The representatives of the Ukrainian elites who took over the power in 2014 actively joined this process. The proof of this fact is, inter alia, an initiative of the nationwidecelebrationof the 150th anniversary of the birth of the Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky. The reinterpretation of the own cultural heritage and the process of formation of the symbolic capital (as understood by P. Bourdieu) related with this heritage became more dinamic after the so-called Revolution of Dignity and in view of the armed conflict in Donbass. It seems that a modernised universal formula of the Ukrainian identity could be based largly on the cultural capital of one of the regions of Ukraine: Galicia. The currect Ukrainian authorities’ initiatives targeted at the promotion of the figure of the Metropolitan Andrey Sheptysky seem to indicate it. The analysis of theirprogressand shall enable a better understanding of the meaning and direction of social changes in today’s Ukraine.

Problems of Formation and Development of Statehood of the Republic of Karakalpakstan

This article is a study of the statehood of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, its integration with Uzbekistan and the problems faced by the Karakalpak national movements. The study can be considered relevant and innovative, since the problems of Karakalpakstan are insufficiently studied in the Polish and European scientific community. The development of relations with the countries of Central Asia, which have large reserves of natural resources, including oil and gas, is one of the priorities of the foreign policy of the European Union. Therefore, the study of regional problems and prediction of possible military-political conflicts in this region of the world, and how to respond to them, is of particular relevance to the political sciences.

Well-being of Chinese University Students in China and Students in Poland. Cross-Cultural Comparisons

Presented paper discusses well-being of Chinese university students in the context of mental health issues arising on many campuses around China. The analysis focuses on self-esteem and cultural values of Chinese students in comparison with their Polish colleagues. The discussed data was collected in SUSTech, one of the developing universities in the southern part of China and in Poland. Mental health of university students has major implications for, still developing, campus health services.

Malaysia’s Problems in State-building. Political and Religious Aspects

[book review Islamic Revivalism and Politics in Malaysia. Problems in Nation Building]

Проблемы Малайзии в государственном строительстве. Политические и религиозные аспекты

[рецензия книги Islamic Revivalism and Politics in Malaysia. Problems in Nation Building]

State and Statehood in the Middle East

[book review Państwo na muzułmańskim Bliskim Wschodzie. Procesy genezy i czynniki trwania]

Государство и государственность на Ближнем Востоке

[рецензия книги Państwo na muzułmańskim Bliskim Wschodzie. Procesy genezy i czynniki trwania]

Новый порядок русского мира после 1917 года

[рецензия книги Rok 1917 w Rosji. Carat - rewolucja - nowa rzeczywistość]

New Order of Russian’s World after 1917

[recenzja książki Rok 1917 w Rosji. Carat - rewolucja - nowa rzeczywistość]

Дневники смерти

[рецензия книги Dzieci w Anus Mundi. Największa hańba ludzkości. Nazistowskie obozy zagłady]

Diaries of Extermination

[book review Dzieci w Anus Mundi. Największa hańba ludzkości. Nazistowskie obozy zagłady]

Dr. Habil. Adam Drath (1904–1942) – Polish Pioneer of Geological Research in Afghanistan

Доктор н. Адам Драт (1904–1942) – польский открыватель геологических исследований в Афганистане

Informations for authors

Информация для авторов

SPIS TREŚCI / CONTENTS / ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ

Publikacja “Nowa Polityka Wschodnia” w języku angielskim, udostępnienie wersji cyfrowej w wolnym dostępie i zabezpieczenie oryginalności publikacji zgodne ze standardem COPE – zadania finansowane w ramach umowy 854/P-DUN/2018 ze środków Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę.

Poland is one of the first countries to establish diplomatic relations with People’s Republic of China. Since the establishment of diplomatic ties 70 years ago, both countries have conducted close cooperation in all areas and the bilateral relations have witnessed steady development. In particular, the “One Belt, One Road” initiative, launched in 2013, got the positive responses and support from many countries, including Poland, which became an important partner for China to promote the construction of the initiative. This paper, from a historical perspective, reviews the first interaction between China and Poland in the period of Yuan Dynasty which is arranged in chronological order. The narrations mainly concentrate on accounts of the western expeditions by Genghis Khan and his descendants as well as the Battle of Legnica, during the period of which the Mongolia Empire was successively set up. Each entry will include a concrete description, highlighting where possible issues such as where the Mongolia went, why the expedition and its record are important. The paper also expounds the first record about Poland and the change of the name of Poland in Chinese literature so as to deepen the mutual understanding between two countries.

The article is devoted to the geoeconomic goals and prospects of implementing the Chinese initiative „One Belt, One Road”. The author explores the benefits, problems and future opportunities that open up to the Republic of Kazakhstan as a participant in this initiative. The analysis carried out in the article showed that there are still many problems in the implementation of the Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB) project taking into account the state program of Kazakhstan “Nurly Zhol”, and difficulties arise in the practical implementation of various cooperation areas. At the same time, Kazakhstan should be guided exclusively by its national interests in cooperation with China in the framework of the “One Belt, One Way” initiative.

Determinants of Consumer Behavior of Chinese Society in an Interdisciplinary Perspective

The article aims to show that there are determinants of consumer behavior in Chinese society that remain relevant regardless of the direction of global social changes - caused by the digital transformation of society and economy, the development of artificial intelligence and unexpected events such as pandemics. The factors influencing consumption in China undoubtedly include culture, politics, as well as macroeconomic factors influencing the level and pace of consumption development. It is worth analyzing consumer behavior using interdisciplinary knowledge and bearing in mind the complex and diverse changes taking place on a national scale, and the emergence of new terminology is a reflection of the changing specificity of consumption in China.
Awareness of the dynamics of changes in the behavior of Chinese consumers will not only facilitate business relations with Chinese contractors, but will also help determine the direction of consumption development at the global level, as the possibilities of e-commerce developing in China are also used and tested in Europe.

The Consumption of Luxury Goods in China

The consumption of luxury goods is a complex phenomenon influenced by many factors and variables. It is the result of national and global conditions. The article investigates the consumption of luxury goods in China, the demand for which is increasing each year. This is a relatively new topic and subject of research in various social sciences. The author analyses this phenomenon from the point of view of Chinese society, which has evolved and started to develop dynamically in recent years. The study discusses the concept of consumption with particular emphasis on luxury goods, and also presents some critical remarks regarding the consumption of these products. The article is a theoretical-empirical study and it is based on classical and contemporary literature on consumption, as well as selected foreign research on the issue of luxury goods consumption in China. The article has a scientific value and can also be used to analyse the demand and supply of luxury goods in Chinese society.

Selected Aspects of Chinese-French Relations in the 21st Century

The relationship of the People’s Republic of China with the French Republic was initiated in 1964 and has been constantly evolving since then. The 21st century and the changes taking place in the international system have contributed to the growth of China’s position in the international arena as a superpower, while France has been trying to maintain its dominant position in the European Union for two decades. Both countries have a lot in common and divide. The element that binds both countries together is their status in the UN Security Council, their ambivalent attitude to the superpower status of the United States, and the mutual willingness to expand economic cooperation. Among the factors that differ Beijing and Paris, there are rivalries in Africa and the approach to human rights. This does not change the fact that France is one of the main directions of China’s European policy and makes it one of Beijing’s most important political and economic partners. The international situation that both the Chinese and French governments have to face may contribute to a change in bilateral relations in the near future and the need for both sides to look for another partner in the region - in Europe through China and in Asia through France. This article aims to highlight the most important aspects of Sino-French relations in the 21st century, with particular emphasis on political and economic cooperation, especially in the context of the coronavirus pandemic. Outlining these aspects in the relations between China and France determines the construction of the article, which consists of three main parts corresponding to the relevant issues. The aim of this article is also to answer a number of research questions, such as: what were the most important controversial issues in Sino-French relations? Has the title of the most important politicians at the head of China and France influenced bilateral relations? Do relations with France’s changing relations affect the international position of the PRC? Among the research materials used in this article, Polish, English and French-language literature can be mentioned, because access to Chinese materials is extremely difficult, including their translation into other languages. A number of research methods have been used to analyze this research problem, including historical analysis and description or decision method.

The Great Missing One. India and the Belt and Road Initiative

The Chinese Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), popularly known as the New Silk Road, from the moment of initiation, arouses interest of researchers and policy makers. Due to its scale and multidimensionality, this initiative potentially may help to reconstruct or at least deeply change the world order. The bold ambitions of China create not only impresses but also concerns many countries, including the equally ambitious emerging superpower - India. The aim of the article is to analyze India’s reactions to the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative.

Transformation of the Chinese Art Market (1949-2019)

Over the past 70 years, the art market in China has achieved remarkable growth. This rapid development has brought China to the spotlight of the international art world. Initially, state-owned antique stores played a key role in acquiring works of art. It wasn’t until the 1980s that professional art galleries began to be opened, and the first auction houses did not appear until the early 1990s. The two largest auction houses: China Guardian (founded in 1993) and Poly Auctions (founded in 2005) occupy the third and fourth place in size of auction houses after Christie and Sotheby’s. Currently, Chinese art market has become the second largest in the world. Chinese paintings and works of art are the dominant selling category, and the largest group of buyers are Chinese collectors who perceive art as a way to locate their capital in the country. Due to the active acquisitions of artworks in both domestic and international art markets, Chinese art collectors have gained worldwide attention.

Globalization and communication on the internet poses challenges to sociolinguistics. China is one of the engines of economic in the world. Since the Internet service started in 1994, it has been developing rapidly. The rapid development of Internet communication in China has created huge impact on the Chinese language and society. According to Yates (1996), a new medium of communication such as the Internet not only draws upon existing linguistic practices, but also generates new forms of Chinese Internet lexicon. The rapid diffusion of the Internet has prompted developments in the variety and creativity of language use. Internet users often create new words or appropriate the meanings of existing words. The resultant “Internet language” has unique lexical and discourse features. Li (2002) and Ma (2002) confirmed that Internet lexicon has brought the tremendous impact and spread to everyday usage in Chinese society. In 2006 National Language Resources Monitoring and Research Graphic Media Center has released the first time an annual report of Inventory of Chinese Language (汉语盘点 Hanyu pandian). Since 2011 ten most popular Internet hot words have been released annually by National Language Resources Monitoring and Research Graphic Media Center. This research is aimed to discusses the emergence and use of most popular Chinese Internet vocabularies in the recent 10 years. Based on the data from National Language Resources Monitoring and Research Graphic Media Center, the most popular Chinese Internet words and phrases (2011-2019) are analyzed and summarized into twelve categories. The implication and findings of the symbolic meaning embedded in the Chinese internet lexicon are analyzed. This study sets out to examine the transformation of internet lexicon in China and to argue the equivalent relation between symbols, language and popular culture.

Новые сведения о переходах между Востоком и Западом в литературе

[рецензия книги Borders and Beyond: Orient-Occident Crossings in Literature]

Asian Economies – State, Prospects, Problems

[book review Wybrane aspekty rozwoju gospodarczego Azji]

Азиатские экономики – состояние, перспективы, проблемы

[рецензия книги Wybrane aspekty rozwoju gospodarczego Azji]

Security – a Real Goal or Mere Fantasy?

[book review Koordynacja informacji w systemie bezpieczeństwa państwa]

Безопасность – реальная цель или фантастика?

[рецензия книги Koordynacja informacji w systemie bezpieczeństwa państwa]

A Look at the History of Polish Ciphers

[book review Polskie szyfry 1919–1945 łączność – wywiad wojskowy]

Взгляд на историю польских шифров

[рецензия книги Polskie szyfry 1919–1945 łączność – wywiad wojskowy]

Lista recenzentów za 2020 rok

List of reviewers for 2020

Список рецензентов за 2020 год

INFORMACJE TECHNICZNE DLA AUTORÓW