Indywidualizm a kolektywizm – uwagi o ustrojowej koncepcji praw człowieka w Izraelu

Individualism vs. Collectivism – Remarks on the Constitutional Concept of Human Rights in Israel

The specificity of Israel as the only Middle Eastern democratic state and its Jewish character means that the Israeli concept of human rights is multi-threaded and inconsistent. Its constant evolution is a clash of two ideologies and individualistic and collectivist concepts, overlapping with the dispute between the Jewish and democratic character of the state. It is an interesting phenomenon, especially in a state without a formal, full constitution, in which the systemic regulation of human rights is incidental and occurs against the background of the active role of the judiciary. It is noticeable that the democratic and at the same time secular character of the state, which is conducive to the idea of individual rights, is constantly contested by conservative religious factors, which not only has a destructive effect on the constitutional foundations but also does not allow for the final definition of the catalogue of individual rights and freedoms.

Specyfika Izraela jako jedynego bliskowschodniego państwa demokratycznego i jego żydowski charakter, powoduje, że izraelska koncepcja praw człowieka jest wielowątkowa i niespójna. Jej stała ewolucja to ścieranie się dwóch ideologii i koncepcji indywidualistycznej i kolektywistycznej, nakładających się na spór między żydowskim a demokratycznym charakterem państwa. Stanowi on ciekawe zjawisko, zwłaszcza w państwie bez formalnej, pełnej konstytucji, w którym normowanie ustrojowe praw człowieka ma charakter incydentalny i następuje na tle aktywnej roli sądownictwa. Zauważalne jest, że sprzyjający idei praw indywidualnych demokratyczny i zarazem świecki charakter państwa jest stale kontestowany przez konserwatywne czynniki religijne, co nie tylko działa destrukcyjnie na fundamenty konstytucyjne, ale również nie pozwala ostatecznie zdefiniować katalogu praw i wolności jednostki.

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