The article discusses the impact of the Customs Union on the development of migration processes in Kyrgyzstan.

Labour is a basic element of every human’s life. It significantly influences not only our value system, personality or behaviour, but also life of the whole society. Therefore, it is not unusual to work as a prisoner as it is not unusual to work as a free man. Labour is understood as the acknowledgment of the same rule that’s applicable both to prison and the outside world. This article discusses labour as a form of resocialization. It describes good sides of resocialization through work that’s being implemented at organizational units of the Prison Service, employment of convicts and also actions taken as part of the state programme “Work for prisoners.” Work performed while serving a sentence, based on rules of equal treatment, is very important in the resocialization process. It takes up convicts’ free time, thus lowering the probability of occurrence and continuation of negative behaviours and attitudes. It teaches them the role of a worker and adjusts their consciousness to the relation between satisfaction of needs and necessity of performing occupational work, an important element of their preparation for life on the outside. Therefore, it is a positive forecast for their social readaptation, which is an indisputable purpose of serving a sentence.

The importance of music in the general development of kindergarten children implies that teachers providing education, including music education, should be equipped with elaborate musical skills that, as might be assumed, should become a vital element taken into consideration during preschool teacher interviews. Research conducted in the Silesian region over the years 2014-2015 shows that the surveyed directors of kindergartens view musical skills, in most cases, as an essential supplement to other competences of teachers, among which the ability to play a melodic instrument and vocal skills are, in their opinion, the most important musical competences. The majority of directors only review documents confirming such competences, whereas almost a quarter of the surveyed participants admit to not verifying musical competences of future kindergarten teachers; the surveyed individuals claim, most frequently, that kindergarten teachers are sufficiently prepared to play a role of musical educators for small children, and that kindergarten teachers, instead of specialist musicians, should implement the content stipulated in the core curriculum. What is more, no statistically significant differences between respondents from urban and rural environments were identified.

Poverty, material need in Slovakia, and particularly among Romany population, is one of the biggest present day problems. This article deals with social exclusion and poverty of Romany people, its expression in selected areas of their life including the value of labour. Theoretical analysis is illustrated by the results of regional and Slovak-wide research.