- Author:
Jarosław Durka
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2535-7842
- Year of publication:
2020
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
5-31
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/pbs.2020.01
- PDF:
pbs/8/pbs801.pdf
An in-depth analysis of Leonard Szutkowski’s biographical documents shows that he was an outstanding patriot who devoted most of his professional life to the economic development of Poland. He was born into a landowning family, did his military service in the tsarist army, and escaped from Bolshevik captivity. In independent Poland, he did not continue his military career but worked in the state administration as an engineer responsible for road works. He continued his engineer’s work during the Polish-Bolshevik war. Later, he managed the quarries in Janowa Dolina in Volhynia and made them a model enterprise on a European scale. He paid the highest price for his attitude to life. Until now many aspects of his activity have been unknown. Only the archive search in Ukraine made it possible to gain knowledge about views and details of his socio-political activity. The research employed a biographical method based on the analysis of personal documents. Scientific studies on particular topics related to Leonard Szutkowski were also taken into account. The research was supplemented by an analysis of press materials from the period in question.
- Author:
Mariusz Korzeniowski
- E-mail:
mariusz.korzeniowski@mail.umcs.pl
- Institution:
UMCS
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9245-3987
- Year of publication:
2024
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
142-162
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/hso240204
- PDF:
hso/41/hso4104.pdf
- License:
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the CreativeCommons Attribution license CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.
Socio-economic and political activity of Poles in Volhynia, Podolia and Kiev region in 1864–1914. Introduction to the issues
This study revolves around selected aspects of the activity of the Polish community in the Kiev, Podolia and Volyn governorates in 1864–1914. Questions have been asked about the activities nature, scope, directions and conditions, as well as the numbers and social background of the Poles involved in work for the benefit of the country. The extent of Polish socio-economic and political work in Russia at the time largely depended on the policy of the Tsarist authorities towards the local Poles. The efforts made were indicative of their real aspirations and served not only to save Polish property, but also to maintain the national awareness of the Polish community in Russia. After the October Manifesto was proclaimed, the efforts resulted in a number of cultural, educational and publishing initiatives, coupled with the establishment of organisations and associations, and the pursuit of political activity. Interestingly, they were a consequence of the sometimes isolated efforts for the benefit of the country before 1905. After the First Russian Revolution, on the other hand, they evolved into an arena for Ukrainian Poles to express their aspirations. Their elites sought, among other things, to restore their due position in the social hierarchy based on their status and economic power.