The COVID-19 pandemic has taken the whole world by surprise and has affected all sections of society. One of them are entrepreneurs whose crisis affects themselves, the people they employ, and the economy in general. The article presents how entrepreneurs use their resources in the form of social contacts, coping with the difficulties of the crisis. It also presents the role of business organizations and the relationships they create in the face of a pandemic. How drawing support from relationships that were established against the backdrop of community activity has proved to be of great importance in the face of the pandemic. The publication discusses such issues as: the features of the crisis, the role of the organization in supporting entrepreneurs, the influence of relations on coping with the crisis, and manifestations of trust in a group. The results of the research collected qualitatively in the form of the participants’ written statements show how, in times of a pandemic, they show the sense of support obtained from people in a similar situation. They present what makes entrepreneurs, despite the difficulties related to the crisis, not only able to protect themselves against collapse, but also to develop their companies?

The European Union towards the arm conflicts and socio-political changes in the MENA region in the 20th and 21st centuries

The countries of the Middle East and North Africa are one of the main areas of interest of the European Union, and the main determinants of mutual relations are primarily the economy and security policy. The aim of the article is to show how the position of the European Union is shaped in relation to the main challenges and threats in this region, to which the Israeli-Arabic conflict, the Palestinian issue and the so-called Arab Spring, as well as the escalation of the conflict in Syria and the problem of international terrorism.

Integration of Polish migrants in Thuringia and the phenomenon of “casual interactions”

The article presents the results of qualitative research on the migration of Poles to Germany to the state of Thuringia. One of the goals of the research conducted in 2023 was to learn about the ways in which migrants build relationships with the local community, their contribution to social and cultural integration, and the main barriers that appeared in the integration processes. The author conducted free, focused interviews, which were subjected to qualitative analysis. The surveyed people demonstrated a particular approach to the process of social and cultural integration. The analysis of the respondents statements shows the importance of the phenomenon of casual interactions, which concerns everyday conversations, interactions in specific social contexts or non-committal, polite responses to the inhabitants of the host country. The author points out that although casual interactions are not intended to be permanent, in the form of short, unfocused conversations they create opportunities to learn the language, adapt social and cultural elements or internalize norms, which creates achievable effects in the form of social and career advancement and properly ongoing integration processes.