- Author:
Łukasz Tomasz Sroka
- Institution:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny w Krakowie
- Year of publication:
2014
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
98-109
- DOI Address:
http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ksm201408
- PDF:
ksm/19/ksm201408.pdf
The presence of Jews in the representations of Galician cities was both one of the results of the introduction of their equal rights, and its consolidation. Jews present in municipal governments took care about matters relevant not only for their community. They engaged in key projects directed at all citizens, regardless of faith and nationality. The voting system (due to the specific division into circles and curiae) preferred the richest and the best-educated. In consequence, the Jewish community was commonly represented in city councils by those coming from families of assimilated representatives of intelligentsia, merchants and bankers. Obviously, the greatest percentage of white-collar employees could be observed in bigger cities, being seats of courts, barrister’s chambers, notary offices, secondary schools and higher education institutions. Therefore, from that time on, their voice could be heard in the public space and had to be taken into account.
- Author:
Marcin Czyżniewski
- E-mail:
mcz@umk.pl
- Institution:
Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3227-0035
- Year of publication:
2024
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
11-29
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/npw20244402
- PDF:
npw/44/npw4402.pdf
Municipal councillors in Poland are required to submit annual asset declarations. It’s a part of the transparency of public life, declarations make it possible to determine whether a councillor’s assets are justified by his or her income and whether the income itself comes from legal and ethical sources. This article analyses 1,500 asset declarations submitted in 2024 to determine whether general conclusions can be drawn from publicly available declarations indicating corrupt situations or the risk of such situations. The subject of the analysis is whether the assets of municipal councillors in Poland are clearly higher than average, whether councillors derive income from sources that may indicate a conflict of interest or corruption, including political corruption, whether councillors have above-average financial liabilities, including with individuals? The asset declarations examined indicate the existence of risks of corrupt situations, but their analysis does not show them to be of wider scope. On its basis, it is not possible to advance the thesis that holding a mandate as a municipal councillor in Poland is associated with income that could be considered suspicious, nor with above-average assets.