Zarówno dezinformacja, jak i propaganda nie są działaniami nowymi, ale towarzyszą społeczeństwom praktycznie od samego ich powstania. Co więcej, ich użyteczność w działaniach państw potwierdzają nie tylko liczne przykłady historyczne, ale również te, których jesteśmy obecnie świadkami i są ściśle związane z rozprzestrzenianiem się pandemii COVID-19. Artykuł jest próbą zdefi niowania i opisania nie tylko rosyjskiego ekosystemu dezinformacji i propagandy w dobie pandemii, ale również próbą odpowiedzi na pytanie, w jaki sposób różne fi lary tego ekosystemu odgrywają różne role, wzajemnie się zasilają oraz wzmacniają.

Ensuring the individual’s right to access to public information under martial law in the context of Ukraine’s European integration

The article deals with characterizing the constitutional human right to access public information in the context of Ukraine’s European integration processes. The author emphasizes that every individual’s right to information is one of the vital human rights. This right is enshrined in fundamental international instruments – the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, as well as at the state level – in Article 34 of the Constitution of Ukraine and the Law on Access to Public Information. It is also noted that the law, in the interests of national security, territorial integrity, or public order, may restrict exercising the right to free collection, storage, use, and dissemination of information. Under current martial law conditions in Ukraine, such restrictions are related to the spread of disinformation by the hostile aggressor state. The author describes the European Union’s measures in the field of information security and points out that the main body responsible for regulating this area is the East StratCom Task Force (ESTF), founded in April 2015. In particular, this body aims to counter Russia’s constant disinformation campaigns. In addition, it is noted that information security in Ukraine is being carried out by such public organizations as “Detector Media” and “StopFake”. At the same time, the Centre for Countering Disinformation provides state regulation. It is a body of Ukraine’s National Security and Defence Council, founded in March 2021. It is stated that adopting the laws “On Media” and “On Advertising” played an essential role in the fight against disinformation in the information space of Ukraine. It is concluded that Ukrainians need to master media literacy skills and understand from whom they consume information. Ukraine should implement its media and copyright laws quality, harmonize its legislation with the latest EU acts, and increase state bodies’ institutional capacity in combating disinformation. At the same time, it is emphasized that under the pretext of ensuring national security, the State should not engage in propaganda and restrict freedom of speech.