The aim of the article was to conduct a comparative analysis of the structures and functions of didactic tasks, in the form of questions appearing in school textbooks and during lessons. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the content of textbooks and lesson transcripts of lessons were carried out. The obtained data revealed differences that appeared between properties of didactic tasks of this kind found in early school textbooks and lessons. The presented research results will be used for subsequent research related to other types of didactic tasks, and may also contribute to enriching teachers’ knowledge about the ways that pupils work with a textbook.

Development of STEM Education of Natural Disciplines in the Conditions of Distance Education

The article provides a practical overview of the use of STEM-learning technology, which aims to establish interdisciplinary links that contribute to the formation of students’ holistic, systematic worldview, modern personal attitudes to the issues. Such lessons or classes can be conducted by combining the subjects of several subjects or the formation of integrated courses or separate special courses for students during distance education. In the conditions of distance education, the use of dynamic web-services in the professional activity of a teacher acquires practical significance, with the help of which it becomes possible to work with students some curriculum materials with the involvement of STEM-technologies. Own experience and experience of teachers of the Zaporizhzha region in the implementation of the study of real natural processes that can be carried out in distance learning, was analyzed. In this way, teachers found out and used several interesting dynamic web-resources that are fully or partially publicly available and do not require additional financial costs (registration or subscription) when conducting lessons on the basis of STEM. Thus, the available teaching aids can be used in classroom (face-toface) work, when the teacher uses a projector to demonstrate to the whole class activities on the resource, or in individual or group work, using smartphones as teaching aids. The experience of practical use of sites was carried out in KZ “ZOIPPO” ZOR in teaching the discipline of information and communication technologies, where teachers read web pages and train to compose tasks for students to use them in their daily teaching practice. Due to such tasks, in the study of the world economy and the national economy, students develop an awareness of global interdependence and personal responsibility. Such activities immediately implement several cross-cutting levels of the curriculum: a holistic scientific view of the world, an adequate understanding of the peculiarities of the modern world; understanding of the unity and harmony between the natural environment, the development of material production and the level of growth of social standards of the population in conditions of sustainable development. Of course, involvement in distance learning format is not able to fully replace the face-to-face format. But to reinforce theoretical material, it can be a good alternative for understanding natural phenomena or processes in the study of physics, astronomy, geography, geology, biology and ecology, chemistry, etc.