The purpose of the conducted studies was to elaborate a questionnaire of attitudes towards cheating in school and investigate the relation between determinism and free will and attitudes towards unfairness in school. In order to elaborate on the questionnaire of attitudes towards cheating in school, Study 1 was carried out among 198 adolescents - students of technical schools and high schools. The elaborated tool was characterised by satisfying psychometric properties. Study 2, in which 107 students participated, examined the role of belief in free will and determinism as factors related to attitudes towards cheating in school. The study showed ambivalent results between variables. The only factor that was clearly positively related to negative attitudes towards cheating was scientific determinism.

The primary goal of the study was to examine the relationships between spirituality, belief in free will and perceived self-efficacy among young adults. In order to develop the preliminary adaptation of the FAD-Plus questionnaire, used for measuring the lay beliefs in free will and three related constructs, Study 1 was carried out among 485 young adults. The tool had satisfactory psychometric properties. Study 2, in which 340 students participated, verified the role of believing in free will as a potential mediator between spirituality and perceived self-efficacy. In the case of male students, total mediation was found, and in the case of female students, partial mediation was noted. The studies indicate the need to put greater emphasis on the spiritual sphere and the sense of free will in the education provided for young adults.