In the ongoing struggle of resocialisation pedagogy for its greater effectiveness, an important place is occupied by research and programmes on the use of various forms of cultural activity (meetings with culture and art) and artistic creation for social rehabilitation purposes. These activities perfectly fit into the interdisciplinary character of rehabilitation itself. In practice, many such projects are currently being implemented in Poland, including correctional facilities, juvenile shelters, and penitentiary units. Moreover, it is noteworthy that Polish rehabilitation can boast significant achievements in this field. The author suggests the existence of the undoubted influence of the background culture and mass culture on the effectiveness of rehabilitation. The tasks undertaken by social rehabilitation pedagogues and people involved in the re-use of different types of cultural engineering should consider the influence and the image of contemporary Western culture affected by the crisis of values. Presented concepts of resocialisation through cultural activity and artistic creation testify to a truly humanistic search for remedial shaping of socially maladjusted people and show an important current in contemporary resocialisation.