- Author:
Alina Maksymenko
- E-mail:
a_maksymenko@gmail.com
- Institution:
Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-4672-4826
- Year of publication:
2024
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
20-24
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/MF.2024102
- PDF:
mf/2/mf202.pdf
The aim of the study was to analyze the features of clinical manifestations of HIV infection in the oral cavity in children. Research methods. Analysis and generalization of literature data about the features of clinical manifestations of HIV infection in the oral cavity in children. Scientific novelty. Systematization of medical and diagnostic aspects of lesions of the oral mucosa, salivary glands and periodontal tissues, which affect the course of the disease. This will allow to develop a pathogenetic scheme of treatment and prevention measures, which will improve the quality of life of HIV-infected children. Conclusions. Candidal stomatitis is diagnosed in most AIDS patients (up to 75%) and manifests in several clinical forms: angular cheilitis, erythematous, hyperplastic or pseudomembranous candidiasis. It is believed to be suspected of having HIV infection and requires laboratory testing for HIV if there is the “sudden” development of candidiasis in children who have not previously received antibiotics or corticosteroids. Bacterial infections in HIV-infected children are often caused by associations of various pathogens (fusospirochetes, streptococci and staphylococci). Manifestations of these infections can be gingivitis, HIV-necrotic lesions of the gums or mucous membranes of the cheeks, palate, HIV-chronic periodontitis. Viral infections often contribute to lesions of the oral mucosa in HIV-infected patients. Among the viral infections in the clinical symptoms of HIV-infected people are lesions of the oral mucosa caused by the herpes simplex virus. “Hairy” leukoplakia occurs in 98% of HIV patients and is a marker of the disease. The origin of “hairy” leukoplakia is associated with a high level of replication of Epstein-Barr virus in the epithelial cells of the tongue. Salivary gland damage in children with HIV is much more common than in adults. They increase and swell, hyperplastic changes appear.
- Author:
Krzysztof Rubacha
- E-mail:
krubacha@umk.pl
- Institution:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu
- Year of publication:
2012
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
90-96
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/tner.2012.27.1.07
- PDF:
tner/201201/tner2707.pdf
This article focuses on the question concerning the significance of the differences between the statistical average of parents’ sense of pedagogical efficacy with regard to their level of gender role development. Quantitative strategy, theoretical exploratory type, experimental schematic, data collection methods: situational and paper-pencil testing, random sample selection, data analysis: one-way ANOVA – these are the main methodological parameters of this study. The result shows that the level of gender role development explained over 19% of the variation in the sense of efficacy.
- Author:
Irena Pilch
- Institution:
University of Silesia
- Year of publication:
2008
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
232-245
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/tner.08.15.2.18
- PDF:
tner/200802/tner1518.pdf
Machiavellianism is a personality trait of which the essence is created by a specific view of the social world that is treated as a place of combat, by egocentric motivation, subjective treatment of other people and a tendency to achieve goals by means of interpersonal manipulation. This article presents the results of a few researches dedicated to the phenomenon of Machiavellianism in children and the youth, and to stressing problems and threats created by the Machiavellian pupils at school; it also suggests some ways to overcome those problems.
- Author:
Barbara Dobrowolska
- Institution:
Uniwersytet w Siedlcach
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2309-097X
- Year of publication:
2024
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
160-175
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/em.2024.03.11
- PDF:
em/26/em2611.pdf
Children – Polish migrants in Hesse: the educational context. Research report
The article covers the educational context of the functioning of Polish children in the conditions of migration on the example of Hesse and is a message from the research. It takes into account selected socio-cultural aspects and analyses of statistical data from Hessian government institutions with the use of literature on the subject. It is an attempt to show the situation of the Polish diaspora in Hesse, with particular emphasis on the education of Polish children in German public schools, their extracurricular learning and cultural adaptation. The text contains methodological and demographic notes showing the migration background. The content pertains to Poles in Hesse compared to other populations, taking into account the demographic structure and age categories, including school-age children. The part of the article concerning the school education of Polish children in Hesse contains a presentation of the school system in Hesse and its legal basis, as well as the theoretical context of the functioning of foreign students in Germany. It includes research conducted in Germany on cultural socialization and the source of cultural identity of students representing national minorities in German schools. The school education of Polish children in Hesse is complemented by the characteristics of extracurricular education, including Polish schools (weekend forms) and Catholic Missions in Hesse, as well as the activities of the Deutsches-Polen Institut. The whole ends with conclusions.
- Author:
Liudmyla Lytvynets
- E-mail:
llytvynets@gmail.com
- Institution:
Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0000-8137-7515
- Author:
Uliana Lytvynets-Golutiak
- E-mail:
ulytvynets@gmail.com
- Institution:
Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8511-1327
- Author:
Vladyslava Lytvynets
- E-mail:
vlytvynets@ukr.net
- Institution:
Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8742-8437
- Year of publication:
2024
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
23-29
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/MF.2024203
- PDF:
mf/2-2/mf2203.pdf
Bronchial asthma (BA) is a chronic disease with a complex multicomponent mechanism of development and progression. A significant increase in its prevalence in the pediatric population necessitates the search for some new possibilities for prevention and treatment taking into account the peculiarities of the child’s organism, including adaptive mechanisms, not only on the organism but also on the cellular and molecular levels. An important role in the pathogenesis of the vast majority of diseases of the respiratory tract, including bronchial asthma, is oxidative stress (OS), the main cause of which is the imbalance in the system of “oxidants-antioxidants”, which is expressed by the excessive formation of active forms of oxygen (AFO) and weakening the effectiveness of antioxidant protection (AOP). By now it was proved that in the state of oxidative stress, under the influence of AFO, not only lipids, but also proteins of plasma membranes are subjects of peroxidation. It is believed that the negative effect of oxidation modified proteins in cells is connected with the fact that oxidized proteins are the source of free radicals that deplete the stores of cellular antioxidants. Products of free radical oxidation of proteins lead to oxidative DNA damage. In this case, peroxide oxidation of proteins (POP) is not only a trigger mechanism for pathological processes in stress, but also the earliest marker of oxidative stress. The dynamics of changes of the POP products is a reflection of the degree of oxidative cell damage and of the reserve and adaptive capacity of the body. It is believed that the level of indicators of oxidative modification of proteins (OMP) compared with the level of LPO is more informative marker of the presence of oxidative stress in the body. The aim: to study the state of the prooxidant system and the system of antioxidant protection in children with varying degrees of control of BA. Materials and methods: The study involved107 children aged from 10 to 18 years old, with asthma under exacerbation. According to the results of the Asthma Control Test (GINA, 2014) regarding the level of control of BA, children were divided as follows: 34 (31.8%) - with controlled (CBA), 47 (43.9%) - with partially controlled (PCBA) and 26 (24.3%) with uncontrolled bronchial asthma (UCBA). The control group consisted of 10 practically healthy children of the same age. It was established that children with low level of control have a prooxidant activation, which is manifested by a significant increase in the level of oxidation modified proteins. Results: The index of oxidative modification of proteins (OMP) -356, amounting to (0,293 ± 0,006) RVU (relative value unit) was significantly higher in children with uncontrolled bronchial astma (UCBA) compared with the patients in other groups (p <0.05). The maximum value of OMP-370 was registered in a group of patients with UCBA. This figure was significantly higher than that of those with a higher level of disease control (p <0.05). Another trend was noted due to OMP-430 content indicators. Thus, a probable increase in its level was observed only in children with UCBA (pN<0.05). The kontent of OMP-530 in children with UCBA was practically the same with that of the control group, and in children with partially controlled (PCBA) and controlled bronchial asthma (CBA), there was a significant decrease in the rates compared to healthy ones (pN<0.05). Thus, the obtained results demonstrate the systemic activation of the POP process in children with BA, which may be the result of a long inflammatory process. The amplification of POP processes is accompanied by a weakening of AOP, manifested by a decrease in the activity of SOD, which catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide anion radicals and the antioxidant barrier of the first line of defense - catalase and indicates a significant reduction in the protection of the respiratory tract in BA from the accumulation of active forms of oxygen. Conclusions: In children with CBA there is a development of oxidative stress, which manifests itself in a significant increase and accumulation of the content of POP products against the back drop of increased tension of the adaptive mechanisms of contact-protective system AOP. BA in children is characterized by heterogeneity of mechanisms of peroxidation and enzymatic maintenance of the prooxidant system, which is determined by the severity of the course of the disease and can be a pathogenetic basis for predicting the severity of BA in children. At the same time, we can observe weaken of the antioxidant protection in these patients, which is evident by a significant decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase enzymes and, in particular, catalase.
- Author:
Stanko Cvjeticanin
- E-mail:
tozchemy@eunet.rs
- Institution:
University of Novi Sad, Serbia
- Author:
Mirjana Segedinac
- E-mail:
msegedinac@gmail.com
- Institution:
University of Novi Sad, Serbia
- Author:
Vlasta Sucevic
- E-mail:
vlastasucevic@sbb.rs
- Institution:
University of Novi Sad, Serbia
- Year of publication:
2011
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
119-128
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/tner.11.26.4.09
- PDF:
tner/201104/tner2609.pdf
The aim of the paper is to examine application of the scientific method in the integrated science teaching, and analyze teachers’ attitudes toward their further education in the field of application of both the scientific method and teaching methods of integrated science. The research includes 480 teachers. The method of the research is analytical-descriptive. The teachers did not study the application of the scientific method during their initial education, but in seminars. The level of acquired knowledge is not satisfactory, which results in little application of scientific methods in teaching. The teachers want to continue their education within organized professional development.