- Author:
Luiza Wojnicz
- E-mail:
luiza.wojnicz@usz.edu.pl
- Institution:
University of Szczecin
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4685-3984
- Year of publication:
2023
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
321-329
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ppk.2023.03.23
- PDF:
ppk/73/ppk7323.pdf
The centralization, depoliticization and empowerment of judges in the French counter-terrorism system is an effective measure against terrorism, despite the fact, that it is controversial. The article will discuss the powers of the leading judicial bodies in the fight against terrorism, their advantages and disadvantages. The article emphasizes the thesis of the effectiveness of the anti-terrorism system in France, even though it is based on complex principles.
- Author:
Jerzy Ciapała
- E-mail:
tljones@onet.eu
- Institution:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5062-3834
- Year of publication:
2024
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
167-182
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ppk.2024.01.12
- PDF:
ppk/77/ppk7712.pdf
Constitutional Basis for Conducting Business by Local Government Units
The subject of the study concerns the constitutional and statutory basis for the economic activity of local government units. According to the Constitution, they are not entitled to the attribute of economic freedom, and therefore they should focus their economic activity on satisfying, in accordance with the laws, the needs of a given community of residents, avoiding economic risk and going beyond their own tasks. The insufficient level of local government’s own revenues was criticized, especially after 2015, which is inconsistent with the constitutional assumptions and causes financial crises, drastically limits expenses in many local governments, making it difficult to adequately meet the needs of residents.
- Author:
Agnieszka Lipska-Sondecka
- E-mail:
agalipska@wp.pl
- Institution:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8911-4087
- Year of publication:
2024
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
207-221
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/npw20244010
- PDF:
npw/40/npw4010.pdf
From decentralization to (re)centralization. Policies of those in power towards local governments in Poland after 2015
For Poland, the turn of the 1980s and 1990s for Poland was the beginning of a profound systemic change dubbed transformation. As the result of multifaceted alterations, a new political system was shaped based on the patterns, standards and principles on which democratic states and societies base their organization and functioning. The principle of decentralization determined the direction and nature of changes in the construction of the administrative apparatus of the state, so that its bodies and institutions could perform the assigned tasks and functions in a practical manner. Local governments became a significant component of the new structure of public authorities, and they were entrusted with the implementation of the part of public tasks which directly concerned local and regional communities. And although Polish local governments were not free from defects, and the implementation of tasks caused tensions between the state and local governments, until 2015 the principle of decentralization was respected by those in power. However, the elections in 2015 brought a change, and the new ruling party revealed its actual attitude to state governance, including all forms of local government.