- Author:
Robert Jakimowicz
- E-mail:
jakimowr@uek.krakow.pl
- Institution:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Krakowie
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7330-8028
- Year of publication:
2023
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
36-56
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ksm20230302
- PDF:
ksm/39/ksm3902.pdf
Russian-Pakistani relations. Political, economic and military aspects
After the collapse of the Soviet Union into 15 independent states in December 1991, including the Russian Federation, there was a real opportunity to reset relations between Moscow and Islamabad. The Russian Federation did not take advantage of the new geopolitical situation to significantly improve mutual relations in the last decade of the twentieth century. However, in the first two decades of the twenty-first century, there was an intensification of political, economic and military relations between the two countries, which fluctuated. The author focused in the article on the premises that underline the improvement of mutual relations in these three areas. The premises that have inhibited and inhibit more intensive cooperation, especially in the political and economic fields, were also presented. In the end was formulated a few conclusions.
- Author:
Albert Chepil
- E-mail:
albert.chepil@student.uj.edu.pl
- Institution:
student - Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie
- Year of publication:
2024
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
36-44
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/CPLS.2024204
- PDF:
cpls/10/cpls1004.pdf
Russia and China’s rivalry in Central Asia from 2000 to 2024
This article examines the evolving dynamics of influence between the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China in Central Asia from 2000 to 2024. Central Asia, rich in natural resources such as gas, oil, uranium, and other minerals, has been a focus of attention for both countries. Initially, Russia maintained significant dominance, particularly in military and cultural spheres, while China expanded its presence mainly in economic and infrastructural domains, especially after launching the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The rivalry between these two powers intensified following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, which weakened Russia’s overall influence. In contrast, China has strengthened its ties with Central Asian states, bypassing Russian territory for its trade routes to Europe. Using neorealism and neoliberal institutionalism as theoretical frameworks, this article explores the balance of power and cooperation in Central Asia, as well as the role of international organizations such as the SCO, CSTO, and the Eurasian Economic Union. The study concludes that China has significantly expanded its presence in the region, while Russia has seen a decline in influence, although it remains a key player, especially in military and security matters.