Anti-terrorism policy as a dilemma of liberal democracy

Terrorism is harmful to democratic governments and societies. In addition to the visible and the direct effects of attacks on bystanders, aim bombers are undermining democratic values, including the weakening of confidence in state institutions and laws that regulate their functioning. As a result of the use of violence can permanently give birth to create a socio-political divisions, antagonize certain entities and groups, and thus provoke conflicts thus destroying the existing compromises, agreements or arrangements between the parties concerned. In matters of international terrorism it is not only a challenge for the rule of law, but because it also applies to relations between states, poses a serious threat to security and stability.

Cyberterroryzm stwarza poważne i szybko rozwijające się zagrożenia dla społeczeństwa oraz infrastruktury krytycznej państwa. Fakt ten wywołuje istotne zmiany w zakresie zapobiegania oraz zwalczania terroryzmu. Cyfrowy świat, w którym żyje społeczeństwo zapewnia szerokie możliwości dla cyberprzestępczości, ponieważ inicjuje i zachęca do wykorzystania ukrytych możliwości Internetu. Cyberterroryzm jest rodzajem przestępstwa, który jest skierowany przeciwko państwu i jego obywatelom. Obecnie sieci komputerowe są zagrożone i codziennie atakowane z powodu m.in. niezdolności do utrzymania dynamicznego rozwoju usług internetowych oraz szeroko dostępnych narzędzi i technik hakerskich. Jest to najbardziej trudne wyzwanie w walce cyberterroryzmem. Jednak sam termin jest często niewłaściwie wykorzystywany i nadużywany. Zrozumienie niebezpieczeństwa cyberterroryzmu musi zaczynać się od klarownego określenia jego definicji.

The European Union policies in the area of combating terrorism

The subject of this dissertation is the European Union policies in the area of combating terrorism. The fact that terrorism is regarded as being one of the biggest threats to European Security determined the choice of the subject. The author has tried to explain the terminology applying to terrorism, the history of terrorism, and present methods of fight against it. The objective of the article is the analysis of the European Union main actions taken and decisions made in this respect. One of many determinants that influenced tightening of this policy were the 9/11 terrorist attacks in the USA on 11 September 2001. Also, frequent terrorist attacks forced the European Union member states constant cooperation and continued efforts regarding actions to counter terrorism which is both social and political phenomenon.

Intelligence Creation: Information Activities in the Field of Security Policy

The enormous changes and constant developments in the applications of technology and communication have changed the way the world is perceived. The information revolution has impacted intelligence gathering, processing, analysis and dissemination, as well as how decision-makers can access reliable information in a timely manner, and the sources they are likely to rely on when concrete information is needed to make decisions. This article attempts to describe, analyze and explain the nature of the ongoing information revolution, its main impact on intelligence and security policy, and the importance of intelligence analysis in the context of peacekeeping operations.