The aim of our considerations is to present the most important determinants and implications characterizing the views of the young generation of Russians on the political and economic events taking place in the Russian Federation in 2020–2021. The subject of our interest will be the analysis of the causes of growing disapproval of young people towards the president of the country, Vladimir Putin, in this period. At the beginning of this study, we will examine the political situation in Russia following Putin’s next re-election in March 2018 and the deterioration in the economic situation of the country’s young citizens, multiplied by the outbreak and development of the coronavirus pandemic. An important problem that we faced is the attitude towards the return to the country in January 2021 of the oppositionist Alexei Navalny and his immediate detention by repressive state authorities, resulting in social protests, in which young Russians widely participated. It will also be important to analyze the role of social media in shaping the views of Russian youth. In addition, we will discuss the issue of economic problems of the Russian state that are increasing in strength, affecting the condition of the part of Russian society that is entering adulthood. In conclusion, we would like to answer the questions to what extent the disappointment of young Russians towards the person and government of Putin will contribute to the decline in support for him, and whether the Kremlin has real instruments to reverse the trend that is negative for the rulers.

Niniejsze badanie ma na celu zbadanie związku między obecnością polityki w mediach społecznościowych a aktywnymi intencjami obywatelskimi w zakresie partycypacji politycznej. W tym badaniu obecność w mediach społecznościowych mierzy się za pomocą interaktywności i personalizacji, ponieważ wcześniejsze badania wprowadziły koncepcję obecności społecznej. W niniejszym badaniu zamiary aktywnego uczestnictwa w życiu politycznym zostały zdefiniowane jako zamiar głosowania, zamiar demonstracji oraz zamiar prowadzenia kampanii na rzecz polityka. Stworzono trzy hipotezy ze zmiennymi interaktywnością i personalizacją oraz połączonym efektem obu.

Adaptation of economic marketing instruments for the needs of politicians

The most important issues of the article are common tools in two different sections, namely political marketing and economical marketing. The most important trains of the implementation of the economical marketing to politics are presented in this article. The dissertation identifies the factors, which have determined the influence of the economy on politics. More precisely, it presents the influence of the marketing and the advertisement of the product on the political campaigns. The main though is based on concrete examples of pioneers of political marketing. In this article a perceptive reader is going to find similarities and differences presented in the process of permeation of these two branches in the activities of the present-day society.

The purpose of this article is to explain what a digital form of journalism, called data journalism, is and how it is applied in practice related to politics. Definitions and various aspects of data journalism (i.a. exemplary variables, most common in data journalism in general, ways of presenting data, factors that data journalists focus on in their work etc.) appear in the first part of article. Politics, as the title of this work indicates, is one of the areas in which this type of journalism is used. In this article, three projects related to data journalism are described. The first example of a tool, based on American politics, used to visualize and obtain data on congressmen and elections in general, is Election DataBot. This paper provides a description of this tool, as well as information about organizations that launched it. The next two initiatives related to data journalism are: European Data Journalism Network (as the name suggests, it refers to European politics) and Media 3.0 Foundation (related to Polish politics). They offer many practical options to observe, analyze and show political data. The research method used in the study is the analysis of thematic online sources. The hypothesis is that data journalism is still a growing branch of journalism that has its adhibition in politics, thus supporting journalists, researchers and others interested in obtaining and visualizing data.

Slavic mutuality, Turkish-Slavic political connections and the vision of General Edmund Taczanowski

The article is devoted to the discovered Greater Poland Military Museum in Poznań, the unpublished text of the memorial in French, which General Edmund Taczanowski, intended to address to the Turkish Sultan, in the hope of creating Bulgarian-Turkish troops, which were then to be used in battles with Russia.

Importance of the 2005 Constitution of the Republic of Iraq as a Result of the Operation “Iraqi Freedom”

The adoption of a constitution is usually a breakthrough event, initiating a new reality for a given community, although it often becomes only a meaningless document, the provisions of which are ignored by the rulers, irrelevant or even unknown to the society. The armed operation of the Coalition Forces under the political and military leadership of the US, which lasted from 2003 to 2010, creates an important context for the constitution of the Republic of Iraq, which was implemented in December 2005. Therefore, it is important to place this constitution against the background of events and other documents of this rank in Iraq. Only in such a context can the significance of this fundamental law be properly assessed. For this purpose, a source analysis of both the text of the Constitution of 2005 and previous documents of a similar rank in Iraq was carried out, as well as an analysis of the political and military situation and the changing internal socio-political conditions in order to place this legal act in the right context.

In the revolts epicentre

The Author presents the main reasons for the revolt of 1916 and the different points of view on these events.

Symbols of suffering and mourning rituals in contemporary political space

The death of a loved one results in manifestations of suffering, mourning, and finally post-mortem and funeral ceremonies. The departure of people who were key figures and influenced the political space brings with it a whole spectrum of symbols, signs and rituals of mourning in this space. In the history of the Third Polish Republic, Poles experienced a number of sad moments related to the deaths of less and more significant figures in the world of politics. The departure of John Paul II, all those who died in the Smolensk catastrophe, the assassination of President Paweł Adamowicz, the deaths of the founding fathers of the Third Republic: Tadeusz Mazowiecki and Jacek Kuroń, Władysław Bartoszewski, Andrzej Chodubski, who was so close to the University of Gdańsk environment, and many others, are just some of the great world of politics and political science. The symbols of suffering and rituals of mourning that accompanied their farewells were, among other things, an expression of our culture, also political.

The devil is in the details. A reinterpretation of literary Satanism in new religious movements

This paper provides an analysis of literary Satanism as an important factor in the contemporary creation and development of Satanism as such. Especially with the rise of The Satanic Temple (in 2013), old approaches to Satanism (those focused on occultism and devil worship) appeared to have limited explanatory power to understand this new religious movement and a predominantly American phenomenon. It challenges readers to go beyond traditional dichotomies and move from metaphysical approaches to a sociopsychological explanation. In addition, the paper emphasizes the distinction between atheistic Satanism and pseudo-Satanism. Moreover and more importantly, the paper describes a double reinterpretation within Satanism sensu lato. First, it is a reinterpretation of Satan by the Romantic or literary Satanists such as Percy Bysshe Shelley. Second, it is a reinterpretation of Satanic literature by the Church of Satan (emphasizing Ayn Rand, Friedrich Nietzsche, Mark Twain, Giosuè Carducci, and Benjamin DeCasseres) and The Satanic Temple (emphasizing socio- -cultural contestation with serious religious and political consequences).

Politics as a Cultural Knowledge. Interpretative Anthropology of Clifford Geertz

The aim of the article is the presentation of the Interpretative anthropology, and its connections with political science. The paper describes humanistic inspirations of contemporary social theories, anthropological ways of understanding of culture and the title category with its political context. It is analysed through the hermeneutical category of discovering meanings in terms of Gadamer.

Mafia and politics – Antagonism or interdependence?

Many researchers of the history of Sicily and the current events on the Island claim that Sicily became enslaved by mafia. However, if one performs a deeper analysis of this land, he may draw a conclusion that Sicily was never free. Starting from the mythical Cyclops, there was no invader who would not be lured by legendary fertile and beautiful piece of land – a bridge between Europe and Africa. Organized crime in Sicily emerged as a resistance against the foreign presence on the island.

Feminism in the Kingdom of the Netherlands

Feminism in the Netherlands began as social movement during the 19th century. The prominent representatives of the first feministic movement are: Wilhelmina Drucker, Aletta Jacobs and Helena Mercier. Later, the struggles of Second-wave feminism in the Netherlands mirrored developments in the women’s rights movement in other Western countries. Nowadays the position of women in the Netherland’s society have changed, but there are a lot of problems like part-time jobs, discriminating political parties, which must been encouraged to guarantee the full emancipation.

This chapter discusses how the memory of an influential figure of modern Romania’s history like Nicolae Iorga (1871–1940), a foremost historian-politician and nationalist intellectual, became instrumental in the three decades following the end of communism by politicians. As he is considered the father of Romanian nationalism and a symbol of the nationalist struggle on the eve of WWI, Iorga’s memory in contemporary Romania allows us to examine nationalism in politics. In the research, a qualitative approach was adopted to the subject by dealing with discourses and initiatives produced by politicians as agents of memory in post-communist Romania. By looking at the various strategies of remembrance used after 1989 by these memory entrepreneurs, the research investigates the politicians who honoured Iorga, the purpose of their engagement in such politics of memory, and what this says about how post-communist politics, nationalism and memory mingled.

Maritime policy and economy in the context of the activities of the Chinese-Polish Joint Stock Shipping Company

The article concerns the issue of Chinese-Polish economic cooperation in the maritime sector shown on the example of the Chinese-Polish Joint Stock Shipping Company. The article focuses on the factors that contributed to the establishment of business contacts and how the cooperation between the countries has developed over the more than 70 years of the company’s existence. It shows both the benefits that resulted from the cooperation and the political difficulties that the company’s existence generated. The article presents the operating principles of the company and the areas of joint activity are described in detail. In addition, the current state of Chinese-Polish economic relations is presented mainly through the prism of the company’s operation.

Book on the Film Convention in Wisła ’49. Edition of sources with studies

In 2024, the Polish Film Archive – Audiovisual Institute (FINA) has published an impressive volume entitled „The Film Convention in Wisła 1949. Sources – Comments – Studies”. The authors of the academic studies and compilation are Barbara Giza and Adam Wyżyński. It is the first book entirely devoted to the Filmmakers’ Convention in Wisła which took place from 17–20 November. As a result, full convention transcripts have been published for the first time. Part one of the book, entitled „Introduction”, contains three articles by Rafał Habielski, Grzegorz Wołowiec and Piotr Zwierzchowski, presenting the political context of the Convention. The second, main part of the publication contains a transcript of the Convention in Wisła. The great merit of this edition is the thorough editing of the source text and the inclusion of numerous footnotes containing explanations, biographical and film notes, etc. Part three of the book contains „Other source material” relating to the Convention. Also of great value is a set of photographs from the Convention included in the volume; they are an important source material in themselves. The last part contains four articles (by Barbara Giza and Adam Wyżyński, Mariusz Mazur, Piotr Śmiałowski and Jarosław Grzechowiak) which provide commentary on the source batch. The volume devoted to the Convention in Wisła is a well and carefully published, superbly researched item. There is no doubt that the publication will become a must for anyone interested in Polish cinematography, post-war Polish history, or Polish culture.