Poland’s space policy in statu nascendi

The purpose of the article is to analyze the actions of Polish authorities regarding the creation of the Polish space policy. Activity in space in the twentieth century and development of cooperation with international organizations were presented. Bilateral agreements and the possibility of new forms of action were analyzed as well as private entities as co-creators of space policy. Tasks in the process of creating the Polish space policy, the division of competences, the use of optional programmes were indicated. There is also a presentation of management reforms,financing through the selection of several levels of action and adopting the hierarchy of key tasks for the state, to ensure effective implementation of the assumed projects.

Artykuł przybliża czytelnikowi wybrane aspekty obrazu nauczyciela akademickiego w deklaracji grupy studentów polskich i zagranicznych. W związku z zwiększającym się udziałem studentów z zagranicy w polskim rynku edukacyjnym autorka poszukiwała odpowiedzi na temat oczekiwań studentów związanych z rolą nauczyciela akademickiego. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wybranych aspektów roli nauczyciela w opinii studentów zagranicznych oraz polskich. Badanie opinii studentów zostało przeprowadzone w maju i czerwcu 2019 roku w Akademii WSB w Dąbrowie Górniczej, gdzie uczą się studenci z Polski, Ukrainy i wielu innych krajów świata. Autorka zakładała, że z powodu różnic kulturowych obraz nauczyciela akademickiego w oczach poszczególnych grup studentów może się różnić. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika jednak, że studenci, co prawda, preferują różne formy zajęć, ale niezależnie od kraju, z którego pochodzą, oczekują aktywnego i energicznego nauczyciela, przekazującego wiedzę w sposób jasny i zrozumiały, będącego profesjonalistą w swojej pracy.

Social prevention as an activity to intensify mental resilience

Preventive activities prevent emerging social problems, using various methods and tools for work. This article will introduce the idea of conducting social prevention using paintball and survival, as tools for therapeutic work. Social prevention based on the elements of survival has the nature of recreational activities that prepare participants to take action in difficult conditions and to look for ways to deal with their own weaknesses. In research on strengthening mental resilience, I adopt the concept of grounded theory, based on interviews and participant observation. Social prophylaxis with elements of paintball and the art of survival has features that strengthen mental resilience, teach self-confidence and persistence. Movement prophylaxis uses human potential, energy, and verve to make the best use of these elements in the practical experience of life. Physical activity causes positive changes in human functioning and teaches how to react to difficult situations. The aim of the article is to provide research knowledge on the strength of mental resilience from paintball players who organize preventive measures. The developed materials will be used to build an alternative vision of spending free time for children, adolescents, and their parents.

Training of teachers of civic and historical education in the post-graduate pedagogical education system of Donechchina

Postgraduate pedagogical education occupies a prominent place in the education system. It is designed to develop the professional competences of adults who accumulate them in their professional practice. In the Donetsk Regional Institute of Postgraduate Pedagogical Education, languages for this have been created for teachers of civics and historical education. Their activities are extremely important in the conditions of a full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation into Ukraine. After all, they form a holistic perception of the world in students of education, relying on facts, documents, experience of historical and pedagogical science. The article is devoted to the directions of the institute’s activities regarding the improvement of the qualifications of teachers, which takes place through the organization and conduct of courses, webinars, seminars, creative groups, workshops, etc. They are aimed at raising the professional level of teachers, mastering modern knowledge and practices that create prerequisites for the formation and development of a comprehensively developed personality. The authors drew attention to systemic, critical thinking, which is important not only for the teacher, but also for the average person, considering the practical aspects of this. They also focused on the digital skills of teachers, which is also relevant in modern conditions. The issue of professional competence development remains relevant, which may become a further topic for our research.