- Author:
Anna Llanos-Antczak
- Institution:
University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw
- Year of publication:
2021
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
7-30
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/athena.2020.71.01
- PDF:
apsp/71/apsp7101.pdf
Spain is one of the countries which is facing a lot of nationalist sentiments and aspirations of certain autonomous communities seeking if not for sovereignty, then at least for greater autonomy or a federal system. This paper aims at investigating the case of Catalonia by examining the roots of Catalan nationalism, its main determinants and drivers for change. It also explains the reasons for evolution of the accompanying factors and claims that Catalan nationalism is civic and not ethnic in nature. Its main factors are economic and cultural as well as ideological ones, built on the common identity shaped by cultural and religious heritage. Till the crisis of 2007/2008, Catalan nationalism was not violent – neither in actions nor in its claims. Deterioration of the economic situation and social frustration made it easier for politicians to use the nationalist argument to win a political battle. It resulted in the revival of stronger nationalist sentiments and a desire for self-determination.
- Author:
Joanna Alicja Augustyniak
- Institution:
Akademia Pomorska w Słupsku
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1148-1412
- Year of publication:
2023
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
156-167
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/em.2023.01.11
- PDF:
em/20/em2011.pdf
eTwinning – a tool for creating a transcultural society
Significant changes in education that occurred as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in terms of organization, in the form of the transition to distance learning, significantly increased the interest of teachers and schools to use the international eTwinning platform. The main task of the eTwinning program is to encourage international exchange by building a network of cooperation and interaction between students and teachers from various European countries. This, in turn, according to the author, is a way to build a transcultural society. Going beyond the current understanding of culture as a homogeneous creation, the author uses W. Welsch’s concept of transculturalism and Wittgenstein’s understanding of culture as a way of being and the result of intercultural interactions. Therefore, the article is devoted to the using of the eTwinnig tool in the process of shaping a transcultural society. There are also some presented examples of international eTwinning projects that have already been completed and are in the process of being implemented with the direct goal of acquiring intercultural competences by all its participants and those for whom this is an indirect goal, carried out while performing other tasks.
- Author:
Jerzy Nikitorowicz
- Institution:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4371-8322
- Year of publication:
2023
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
15-27
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/em.2023.02.01
- PDF:
em/21/em2101.pdf
Inherited, acquired and individually shaped culture in selected creative biographies
The problem of identity forming is presented in the article on selected examples of creative biographies. The author points out how important in this process is the inherited culture, shaped in the family home and in the local environment. He also indicates how difficult the process of integration with the culture is when this culture is acquired in state educational institutions, conducting an internal dialogue to create an individual culture of being, achieving goals and values in positive freedom and civil disobedience. In the presented creative biographies, the author draws attention to the awareness of experiences and experiences in each of the cultures, to the ability and skill to resolve conflicts, negotiate, reconcile values, patterns, norms in the constant process of identity forming. The author draws attention to the development of a reflective identity project, conscious and responsible choices of content from each culture, the existential theme of the joy of living, being in harmony with oneself, which is particularly important in intercultural education.
- Author:
Michalina Koniuk
- E-mail:
michalinakoniuk@gmail.com
- Institution:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5374-5968
- Year of publication:
2023
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
157-172
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ksm20230108
- PDF:
ksm/37/ksm3708.pdf
Feminist deconstruction of the traditional image of women in Qiu Jin’s works
Women’s issues are a significant subject of study in the realm of Chinese literature. In many works, it can be seen to oppose stereotypes or norms imposed on the female gender and to take measures leading to the emancipation of the individual. Such literature is symptomatic of a desire for change in society, that is, the overthrow of the patriarchal system and the introduction of equal rights between the sexes. An example of such prose is the works of China’s first feminist, Qiu Jin, who decided to fight for women’s rights. She was sentenced to death for her revolutionary activities. However, her texts introduced a completely new image of women into the public sphere - different from the one that had been reproduced for hundreds of years in ancient China. The poet chose to endow her heroines with charisma, courage, intelligence and the will to fight for a better life. Her aim was to make women aware of their situation in life, their social role, and to encourage them to leave the male-dominated world. Michalina Koniuk, in the chapter “Feminist Deconstruction of the Traditional Image of Woman in Qiu Jin’s Works”, proposes to analyse Qiu Jin’s works and present that the characters created by the writer oppose and destroy the image of the obedient and uneducated woman that existed in ancient China. First, the social role imposed on women in Chinese society has been described, namely that of obedient daughter, wife and daughter-in-law. The requirements and rules expected of Chinese women have been presented, and how Confucian norms contributed to the belittling of women’s role and position in Chinese society. As the poet was inspired by her own life experiences, Qiu Jin’s life were briefly introduced. Her childhood, during which the first signs of dissatisfaction with the obligations and social norms imposed on girls could be observed. An unsuccessful marriage mobilised the feminist to fight for women’s rights, to oppose the doctrines of Confucius and to leave home and go abroad. This was a great act of courage and at the same time a struggle for freedom and independence in the life of a feminist. That part was followed by an analysis of Qiu Jin’s works, whose female characters exemplify the kind of norms and behaviours that Qiu Jin rebelled against. At the same time, these characters deconstruct the traditional image of a woman and introduce a new one of a strong and independent individual. In this chapter, all poems and quotations have been translated by the author from Chinese into Polish.
- Author:
Tomasz Lenkiewicz
- Year of publication:
2015
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
71-78
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.5604/cip201506
- PDF:
cip/13/cip1306.pdf
Unification and diversification of cultural life
Nowadays, one can observe signs of world’s unification and, at the same time, its diversification. These interdependences relate primarily to the economic, social, political and cultural spheres. It is assumed that in the postwar period, Western civilization has shifted from the industrial to the post-industrial phase, which is called information, consumer or a business civilization. There are many factors and phenomena that imply the unification and diversification of cultural life in modern conditions, closely related to uniformity and standardization. The most important of these are: scientific and technological progress and development, legal solutions and media. The modern socio-political and economic image of Europe reveals a characteristic discrepancy between declarations and reality visible especially in the creation and functioning processes of the European Union. The process of unification and disintegration of Europe raises issues such as: a crisis of values, of humanism, depreciation of moral principles.
- Author:
Halina Rusek
- Institution:
Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1073-3892
- Year of publication:
2024
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
30-44
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/em.2024.01.02
- PDF:
em/24/em2402.pdf
Cultural changes with war in the background – eliminating Russian culture from the space of Western culture as a form of solidarity with the nation and culture of Ukraine
The main axis of the article is the socio-cultural phenomena occurring since the outbreak of the Russian invasion in Ukraine in 2022, which has caused important changes not only in Europe, but also in other regions of the world. These changes have obvious political, economic, demographic, social and less obvious cultural dimensions. The latter take various forms, among which one is particularly controversial – it is the elimination of Russian culture from the cultural space of Western and other countries, among them Poland. This stems from solidarity with the Ukrainian people and an attempt to influence the attitudes of the Russian society, who, as research indicates, endorse the Russian invasion. The boycott mainly concerns artistic culture, symbolic in terms of the works of both living and deceased artists, contemporary and classical creations, both proand anti-war artists. Against this background, a public discussion unfolds on the legitimacy of all forms of boycott and the issue of collective responsibility. The theoretical context for the consideration of these phenomena is the concept of cancel culture. Empirical illustrations, on the other hand, are the studies on the discussed phenomena based on the opinion of students of social sciences.
- Author:
Magdalena Malik
- Institution:
Papieski Wydział Teologiczny we Wrocławiu
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1545-5708
- Year of publication:
2023
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
16-24
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/CCNiW.2023.02.02
- PDF:
ccniw/2/ccniw202.pdf
In the first years after World War II, the effects of the war were eliminated, industry was nationalized, agriculture was collectivized, and annexed areas were merged with the rest of the country. In Lower Silesia, the Polish authorities wanted to implement a development plan. To this end, it was necessary to launch and develop industrial and agricultural production and to prepare means of transport and communication. The task was difficult because the new terrain required solving the problems of social issues, ordering and activating industry and taking initiatives in the area of educational and cultural life. The establishment of enterprises and industrial plants in Lower Silesia was associated with the preparation of an educational and cultural offer for employees, which took the following forms: libraries, common rooms, reading rooms and dance, theater, music, ballet and company orchestras. An important role in the above activities was played by the media: newsreel and Lower Silesian press. They published information about the initiatives of the management of workplaces in the direction of promoting the activity of spending free time by workers and the creation of new places for the development of interests and opportunities for innovative activities. The economic development of the Recovered Territories after the war took place in complex political and social conditions. The problem was the post-war chaos and the limited possibilities of the state, which did not have adequate financial and material resources that had to be allocated for reconstruction. The aim of this article is to present educational initiatives in factories and plants in Lower Silesia after World War II. Drawing attention to the implementation of ideological and political assumptions through the prism of cultural activities with the use of local press.
- Author:
Olga Modzelewska
- E-mail:
ola.modz1@gmail.com
- Institution:
Akademia Łomżyńska, Polska
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0047-077X
- Year of publication:
2024
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
215-224
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/kie.2024.02.11
- PDF:
kie/144/kie14411.pdf
Off-road culture in the perspective of hybrid functioning
Life in the modern world has shifted to some extent in the functioning of individuals in many areas. This paper focuses mainly on such spheres as communication, tracking and sharing information, and sport-related cultures, which take on a new meaning in the hybrid reality. These fields combine to create and enable a new type of human interaction. Reporting, commenting, or posting information on sports achievements is not a novelty, but currently this state of affairs is significantly gaining in importance and expanding to tracking information about the private life and functioning of people practicing various sports disciplines. Cultures that have developed around various physical activities are much more able to expand and promote a particular sport by publishing information in the digital space. It is particularly important in relation to disciplines that are not popular or are extreme or high-budget sports. Thanks to the presence of these activities in the virtual space, it is possible to promote, disseminate them, and gain a larger group of enthusiasts.
- Author:
Dariusz Poliński
- E-mail:
dariusz.polinski@umk.pl
- Institution:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3985-843X
- Year of publication:
2024
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
46-76
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/hso240302
- PDF:
hso/42/hso4202.pdf
- License:
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the CreativeCommons Attribution license CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.
The possibilities of archaeology and its input in research on the history of the Teutonic Order. The latest research achievements
The article presents the latest archaeological research related to the Teutonic Order. The main objects of the studies are castles and the obtained materials are the basis for cultural studies. An interest has been developed in everyday life, including the funeral rite. Within the last several years, there has been a significant increase of e interest on the part of Polish archaeologists in the Teutonic Knights. This has involved frequent examination of castles both well preserved and in poor condition, or virtually invisible. The researches have studied buildings of different ranks; the range of the performed works varied. The resource materials from the field works have often served as the starting point for studies of the material culture of the Teutonic Order. The scholars focused on various every-day-life issues like the use of ceramic dishes and the preferred diet. The continuation of the research on the field where the Battle of Grunwald took place provides new materials for further studies, and the discovery of burial sites of the alleged Grand Masters in Kwidzyn gave an impulse for investigation on the funeral rite in the Order.