- Author:
Marek Mosakowski
- Institution:
Uniwersytet Gdański
- Year of publication:
2017
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
220-229
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.5604/cip201713
- PDF:
cip/15/cip1513.pdf
In 1725 Fontenelle, a French writer, philosopher and member of the Académie des sciences, wrote Éloge du Czar Pierre Ier to commemorate the recent death of Peter the Great and at the same time to glorify the reforms undertaken by the late Russian Czar to modernize his country. By virtue of this text Fontenelle succeeded in creating the Petrine myth, subsequently popularized in France by other outstanding figures of the French Enlightenment infatuated with Russia, which in the course of the eighteenth century was undergoing unprecedented socio-political transformation. Our article aims to show how Fontenelle constructed this myth and what rhetorical devices he employed to advance and later to promote it in France of his times.
- Author:
Mateusz Radziszewski
- Institution:
Uniwersytet Łódzki
- Year of publication:
2019
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
7-31
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/athena.2019.62.01
- PDF:
apsp/62/apsp6201.pdf
Niniejszy artykuł traktuje na temat społeczeństwa obywatelskiego jako potencjalnego instrumentu mogącego wpłynąć na podniesienie jakości demokratycznego systemu politycznego. Ukazanie źródeł sfery obywatelskiej oraz wskazanie na czynniki ją sankcjonujące, poprzez wykorzystanie koncepcji kapitału społecznego, umożliwia pogłębioną analizę relacji społecznych w wymiarze społecznym, jak i politycznym. W tym celu należy odwołać się do szerokiego dorobku badaczy z zakresu nauk społecznych, których efektem będzie modelowa analiza zjawiska tworzenia się społeczeństwa obywatelskiego oraz jego potencjalnych efektów dla całego systemu politycznego.
- Author:
Valentyna Hodlevska
- Institution:
Uniwersytet Gdański
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8115-5116
- Year of publication:
2024
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
157-170
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/sdhw.2024.10
- PDF:
sdhw/24/sdhw2410.pdf
The influence of military reforms on the formation of the democratic system in Spain (1975–1996)
This article discusses the key military reforms in Spain from 1975 to 1996 and their significance in the country’s transition from Franco’s dictatorship to a democratic regime. Following General Franco’s death in 1975, Spain faced the challenge of transforming its authoritarian political system into a stable democracy. One of the most critical elements of this process was the reform of the military structures, which played a pivotal role in maintaining the old regime. The article analyzes significant changes in the Spanish armed forces, including the adoption of a new military criminal code, reforms related to compulsory military service, and steps towards the professionalization of the army. It also examines the impact of these reforms on civil-military relations, particularly in reducing hostile sentiments towards the military and increasing its popularity and acceptance among citizens. The article highlights the role of King Juan Carlos as a key mediator during the transition period, who managed to persuade the military to accept democratic changes. Military reforms contributed to limiting the military’s ability to intervene in internal politics, which was crucial for consolidating the new democratic regime. These reforms led to the Spanish army ceasing to act as a political arbiter and focusing on its primary defense tasks, which significantly impacted the stabilization and development of democratic Spain.