Evolution of International Society in the New Dynamics of International Relations

In the classical meaning, the international society consisting of sovereign states plays a role of an international environment in the international system. Taking into consideration the dynamic transformation in the world politics after the Cold War, globalization, the strengthened international interdependence in its vertical, as well as horizontal realms, and the institutionalization of international social and political spheres fuels the discussion about the future of the international society, its inner structural changes, common norms, values, and rules. The thesis of the paper is the claim that the changes in international state-society reflecting the dynamic of world politics and the global trends do change the character of the international society, but do not change its essence. A growing and seemingly lasting process is strengthening the role of culture and identity in shaping the new structure of the international society.

On the issue of the political discourse translation methodology

The article is focused upon the challenges of the political discourse translation methodology. The overview of the key works in the field of theory and practice of translation has allowed to distinguish the correlation between the stylistic peculiarities and translation strategy, tactics and operations. It has been outlined that challenges for adequate political discourse translation are evoked by genre discrepancy, the issue of the rendering such peculiar vocabulary items as realia, nationally colored phraseological unities and fusions, as well as proverbs and sayings. The objective of the research is seen as the search of efficient methods and techniques aimed at optimizing the quality of political discourse translation in the paradigm of the communicative and functional approach. The urgency of the study is proved by the growing demand for the qualified political discourse translation both on the external international and internal domestic policy levels. The criterion of the trustworthiness and political tolerance is especially upto-date in the view of the recent political situation in the world in general and in Ukraine in particular. The role of the qualified political discourse translation for the political future of Ukraine can’t be overestimated. The mission of translators and their duty is to perform adequate, faithful and qualified translation of all sort of political speeches, disputes, negotiations and agendas from Ukrainian into English and other foreign languages to give the world the idea of the essence of both social and political life in the country. The power of speech and language means is sometimes stronger than the power of weapon. The findings of the research may be of great value for future translators training and self-education. The perspective is seen in working out the methodology of publicist and scientific discourses translation in the aspect of the globalization of Ukrainian culture and science international distribution.

Peculiarities of the economic crisis in the post-Soviet space

Last global financial-economic crisis started at the end of 2007 has affected a large number of countries. The crisis, which arose initially in developed countries, was sharply transferred to countries with economies in transition. Thus, the modern economic and financial crisis of the post-Soviet countries came from the outside. The current crisis has shown the pros and cons of the process of economic globalization. The authors examined the problem of intra-regional channels of crisis dissemination, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of national economies, and establishes the degree of involvement of these economies in the globalization process and determines the level of risk associated with this process. The crisis was evaluated based on the performance of the economy of a single country

The role and importance of the international legal solutions to global processes

Growing international inter dependencies, weakening of internal and external sovereignty of the state and necessity of joint overcoming of problems and global threats reveals the necessity of creating new rules of global order, based not only on nation states, but also on growing number of international organizations and institutions, regional groupings, communities and local organizations. The globalization of political life fosters rise of number of institutions, organizations and international groupings and development of international law. The cooperation between them should respect the rules of equality, freedom, democracy, partnership, solidarity, respect for cultural diversity and environmental protection.

The future of social security in the European Union in the global realities of the 21st century through the prism of mega-trend to minimise labour and automation costs

In the contemporary global economic reality, many social, cultural and political problems emerge. Most of all, this problem is connected with economic and financial spheres. The paradox of contradictions manifests itself between the objective tendency of globalization and universalization and subjective particularism and egoistic interests of transnational corporations, governments and societies towards solving and eliminating them. The following paper presents these problems from the point of view of the threats posed by megetrend of minimizing the labor costs and its far-reaching future results. The important question of robotization and automatization, which should be coordinated with a vision of a macro-scale social policy, is also mentioned. It is emphasised that such policy may be conducted in the area of European Union, because particular states, includuing Poland, are not able to cope with such challenges.

Unification and diversification of cultural life

Nowadays, one can observe signs of world’s unification and, at the same time, its diversification. These interdependences relate primarily to the economic, social, political and cultural spheres. It is assumed that in the postwar period, Western civilization has shifted from the industrial to the post-industrial phase, which is called information, consumer or a business civilization. There are many factors and phenomena that imply the unification and diversification of cultural life in modern conditions, closely related to uniformity and standardization. The most important of these are: scientific and technological progress and development, legal solutions and media. The modern socio-political and economic image of Europe reveals a characteristic discrepancy between declarations and reality visible especially in the creation and functioning processes of the European Union. The process of unification and disintegration of Europe raises issues such as: a crisis of values, of humanism, depreciation of moral principles.

New Zealand: idea of nation

New Zealand has been a nation of firsts and innovators of many occasions. Moreover, it has also been a leading nation for civil and humanitarian issues. Peter Fraser was eager to invite over seven hundred Polish children to the country during World War II to keep them safe from the threat. Modern world has been shaped by past experience, where apart from cultural heritage and people’s backgrounds or origins neoliberalism created new conditions in which people around the world struggle to live. Neo liberalism along with capitalism unifying our world have influenced the notion of common values for different people. Nation is one of such values. We are now in the 21st century and it seems that New Zealand is at the forefront of progress on global scale in terms of understanding the concept of nation in global conditions. It is common knowledge that New Zealand depends mostly on exports, does it mean that New Zealand must compete by nation–branding with others on the global market?

Due to the rapid development of technology after the Second World War, the way of conducting conflict has changed significantly. One of the branches of the armaments industry that has developed the most is space technology and related to it ballistic missiles. Undoubtedly, possession by international entity ballistic missile technology, especially in connection with weapons of mass destruction, increases the importance and role of this entity on the international arena. Therefore, the proliferation of this technology or ready-made missile systems has a significant impact on regional and international security. Therefore, in order to explain this phenomenon, the first part of the article describes the role of ballistic missiles for international security. In the second part, author describes varied ways how international actor, such a state or organization may come into possession of ballistic missiles and also the methods used to stop or limit proliferation i.e. counter-proliferation methods. The last part of this article describes the ways how selected examples states such us Egypt, People’s Republic of China, Israel, India, North Korea, Iraq and South Africa have come into possession of ballistic missile technology. In connection with the above, it will be possible to show what proliferation of this kind of technology looked like and may look like in practice.

The relevance of the article is attributed to the swift evolution of the social and state system. With the advancement of the political, economic, and social dimensions of existence, there is a growing need to consider public opinion and enhance public legal awareness in the medical domain. The purpose of the study is to apply correlation analysis in comparing legal sciences and medical sciences, combining them, and subsequently utilizing applied legal dialectics within the realm of medical law knowledge. To achieve this goal, dialectical and logical methods, as well as general scientific methods such as observation and generalization, were employed. Globalization processes are supranational in nature, and under conditions of driving factors are subject to constant development. The medical field is not an exception and is influenced by other sciences, including legal doctrine, informatics, and economics. Clinical research in the medical field is subject to international influence and development, unification and legal regulation. Internationalization processes are making innovative adjustments to the development of medical science, introducing advancements such as artificial intelligence, personalized medicine, predictive medicine, preventive medicine, participatory medicine, and precision medicine. Consequently, personalized patient data is designated as sensitive and necessitates additional legal regulation. Additional attention is paid to the issue of criminal liability of medical workers as special subjects of professional activity. The results of research are reflected in the established search routes of the possibility of improving legal awareness of medical personnel in the context of practical professional activity. Such practical ways can serve as: the creation of informative material of legal content, adapted to the understanding of persons who are not specialists in the field of law, instead, they are professionals of high intellectual level of medical services. The practical importance of the results of creating information and legal content of the medical industry can be reflected in the results of advanced training by medical personnel, in addition, in the elements of self-education of doctors – researchers, private doctors – specialists, etc. Analytical study of the statistical informative material of the medical industry is reflected in legislative and normative legal acts, taken into account in the case law of the national level, taking into account the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights.

The contribution analyzes the most important risks of the present youth subcultures and the opportunities for social work and social pedagogy with regard to the problems of youth subcultures. The basic characteristics of youth subcultures is described as well as their social development, types and forms. The central meaning is inscribed to the possibilities of interdisciplinary coaction of social pedagogy and social work when solving specific problems of youth subcultures in the process of socialization during free time or at the penetration of social deviations. A specific attention is paid to the definition of the professional roles of social workers and social pedagogues in relation to the risky youth subcultures.

The paper tries to carry on a philosophical analysis of some antinomies of the process we describe as globalization. We point out the disagreement between the expert and post-modern definition of globalization, the trend to drive out the post-modern conception of globalization from the public area. The globalization process is set in a broader context of social and political changes the liberal democracies went through in the second half of the 20th century. The examples presented by the author put emphasis on some negative externalities.

The report refers to the importance of entrepreneurial initiative teaching, education of entrepreneurs in the educational system in the context with new socialeconomic conditions at the beginning of the 21st century. Technological progress and globalisation of the economical processes create the new environment and new requirements for the educational systems which make young people ready for their future lives. In this connection the author also writes about the specifics of the Moravian-Silesian region.

The aims of this article are: (1) presentation of changes in the level of globalization in Kenya and Tanzania (2) comparison of countries in terms of globalization level (3) identification of the main globalization processes taking place in the countries. To ensure economic development in Tanzania and Kenya, it is necessary to implement globalization processes and monitor the level of globalization. For this purpose, statistical data analysis and comparative analysis using the KOF Index have been employed. Progressing globalization was found in Kenya and Tanzania, and based on this, it was decided to make a thorough analysis of which aspects have increased the most. For this purpose, the KOF Index of Globalisation analysis was used for these countries and on this basis the strongest development areas in the last 22 years were identified, as well as a comparative analysis of globalization in Kenya and Tanzania was made. The studies have shown that the level of globalization is increasing in both Kenya and Tanzania, with Kenya exhibiting a higher level. This difference might primarily stem from the economic policy orientation – Kenya focuses on trade openness, whereas Tanzania emphasizes support for domestic sectors of the economy and local entrepreneurs. The areas in which countries have developed the most are social processes. The ongoing processes of globalization can support both the growth and economic development of the analyzed countries, thereby potentially help reduce the main social and economic challenges in Kenya and Tanzania.

This study introduced the open educational resources (OER) aided learning in a computer aided classroom. The course materials included the OER, composed in English, and a textbook translated into Taiwan’s traditional Chinese. Furthermore, the OER improved students’ conceptual understanding of both language and professional knowledge. Finally, the conceptual color plate analysis was employed to evaluate the related factors among universities, students, and teachers. Based on the statistics of the previous OER studies, it is predictable that OER aided learning may be popular in the future. Besides, the library plays a very important role in life-long learning, and will be crucial in the future because advanced guides and indexing of digital contents and OER can give the self-learner a better tool for life-long learning.

Profound transformations of civilization create new needs for the generating, processing, storing and transmitting of knowledge. New objectives arise due to these needs in various areas of social life. One of the important aspects of the undergoing transformations is the increasing significance of non-institutional processes of education, including the process of self-education, which still does not have the right position in the teaching theory and practice. There is a need to analyse the process from different perspectives, diverse contexts and on the grounds of various theories. The present article emphasizes the concept of the analysis of student self-education from the perspective of the subject undertaking the process in the context of the effects of university and the changes of reality. The presentation of the proposed analysis is of a teaching character based on cognitive theories of the development of personality.

Contemporary reality evidently points to the fact that childhood has been dominated by the media and multimedia. Nowadays, children live in a global culture created by the development of new information technologies, electronic media and the Internet. Their childhood is characterised by individual behavioural patterns at home; it is more ‘private’ as spent by electronic devices where dominant relations are indirect and communication with others is maintained by means of a computer keyboard. The cyberculture, i.e. television, advertisements and the Internet can generate long-lasting state of fear, hyper-agitation, fear of being oppresed by others, night fears and desensitisation in the youngest generation. However, it is sufficient to implement the basic educational rules, such as spending time with children, positive parental presence in the lives of children and showing some honest interest in their problems and interests and talking them through.