Celem artykułu jest analiza wykorzystania skandalizacji jako specyficznego sposobu kształtowania wizerunku oraz przyciągania uwagi widowni. W tym kontekście autor zdefiniował pojęcie skandalizacji oraz określił przesłanki uzasadniające wykorzystanie takich mechanizmów w polityce. Analizując kariery wybranych polskich polityków, scharakteryzował wizerunek skandalisty oraz określił rolę takich osób na scenie politycznej. Ponadto wyróżnił i opisał cztery rodzaje skandalizacji: dyskredytacyjną, prowokacyjną, bulwersującą, celebrycką. Odnosząc się do tej typologii, sprecyzował kilka ogólnych wyznaczników wykorzystania mechanizmów skandalizacji do autopromocji i kształtowania wizerunku.

Adaptation of economic marketing instruments for the needs of politicians

The most important issues of the article are common tools in two different sections, namely political marketing and economical marketing. The most important trains of the implementation of the economical marketing to politics are presented in this article. The dissertation identifies the factors, which have determined the influence of the economy on politics. More precisely, it presents the influence of the marketing and the advertisement of the product on the political campaigns. The main though is based on concrete examples of pioneers of political marketing. In this article a perceptive reader is going to find similarities and differences presented in the process of permeation of these two branches in the activities of the present-day society.

Soft marketing. evolution of audiovisual political advertising in Polish parliamentary campaigns 2005–2019

The article discusses the problem of the evolution of audiovisual political advertising in Polish parliamentary campaigns in the years 2005–2019, taking a closer look at the presentation of programmatic issues, centralized personalization, and the rhetorical functions of spots. The content analysis of the election spots results in a fairly unchanged marketing standard of election offers, appropriate for all parties (regardless of their size), expressing an attempt to combine sensitivity to important voters’ needs with an extensive symbolic layer, emotionally engaging for image purposes. In most spots, the emphasis on psychological and social benefits at the expense of functional (economic) benefits prevails. The change in campaigns concerns only the increase in the importance of appeals attacking political opponents. However, their role remains secondary, regardless of the party’s position on the political market.

Patriotic background music lyrics in audio-visual advertising and the perception of the qualities of the promoted politician

The article aims to present the results of two laboratory experiments dedicated to determining whether patriotic lyrics in the background music in audio-visual image spots affect the perception of patriotism of a politician. The research used spots by A. Duda and D. Tusk, whose image is well-established. The results indicate that in case of A. Duda the presence of patriotic lyrics in the music, or lack thereof, did not impact the perceived characteristics of the promoted politician. D. Tusk’s spot, however, when accompanied by patriotic lyrics, showed a lower increase in the perceived intensity of the characteristic in question compared to the ad in which only the instrumental background was used. The findings show that, in certain cases, the influence of the lyrics consists in suggesting the criteria of evaluation rather than transferring the connotations, which does not necessarily improve the image of the promoted politician.