The axiological and ideological foundations of liberal doctrines to economical issues

Classical political liberalism was not related with some economic concepts, although John Locke accept right to property as the fundamental law of nature. Later liberalism began involve to economic and social issues. Utilitarian liberalism of J. Bentham and John Stuart Mill created the foundations to social justice. Evolutionary liberalism of H. Spencer affirm human egoism and rivalry as the fundamental social principles, also he was proponent minimum and limited state in political economic. And social liberalism, introducing new concept of positive freedom, was for interventionism and social policy. In XX a. J. Rawls and egalitarian liberalism also was for such economical and social concepts. For this liberalism the primate values are justice as fairness and equality. Liberal doctrines was differently to economical concepts, because they have specific and various ideas and values.

W pracy podjęto się zagadnienia analizy propagandowego ujęcia postaci Edwarda Gierka na łamach dziennika „Trybuna Ludu”. Na podstawie analizy przekazów prasowych „Trybuny Ludu” z okresu rządów I Sekretarza Komitetu Centralnego Polskiej Zjednoczonej Partii Robotniczej w latach 1970–1980 r. dokonano analizy treści dotyczącej kształtowania propagandowego wizerunku E. Gierka na płaszczyźnie działań na rzecz m.in. polityki gospodarczej Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej oraz ewolucji na polu polityki wizerunkowej na tle innych I Sekretarzy KC PZPR. Problemem badawczym przyjętym na potrzeby niniejszego artykułu były pytania: jakimi metodami propagowano postać Edwarda Gierka na łamach „Trybuny Ludu”? W jaki sposób kreowano postać Edwarda Gierka jako I sekretarza KC PZPR? Ponadto autor zaprezentował krótką charakterystykę Edwarda Gierka oraz jego działalność polityczną w PRL w latach 70. XX w. W niniejszym artykule zastosowano metodę analizy treści, którą autor uznał za najefektywniejszą metodę badawczą do podjętej tematyki, w tym zwłaszcza przedstawienia mechanizmów propagandy oraz działalności politycznej Edwarda Gierka jako I Sekretarza KC PZPR w latach 70. XX w.

The purpose of this paper is to research on the Central and Eastern European countries’ (CEECs) economic development after joining the European Union (EU). Moreover, this study highlights the key policies of economic integration into the EU and integration is a success story for the CEE countries. This paper also describes the key indicators and tools of the development model adopted by the CEE countries as a member of the EU. This study covers the period from 2004 to 2021. The objective of this study is to relate to the EU’s economic and trade policies, and how they brought the development to the region after the successful integration. To what extent, the CEE countries could develop their economic position in comparison to the other EU member countries. The research used empirical and comparative analysis methods to search the economic growth and regional development. Through this method, the research answers the questions and tests the hypothesis. The study concludes that the economic integration of the CEECs into the EU is successful. As a result, the development of this region has been accelerated and the EU’s economic policies have successfully been implemented in many countries. Finally, The EU’s economic policy has changed the dynamics of regions’ development and shaped the stronger trade and common market among the member states. The EU’s integration has impacted the gradual economic growth across the CEE countries.