The article describes the specific features of the new terrorism in the Donbass which has the support of Russia in the struggle for influence on the policy of Ukraine. The terrorist organizations on Donbass are specific territorial units. Using the concept ‘state’, focusing on the Orthodox faith and idea of ‘Russian world’ this terrorism has purpose to capture a new territory, intimidation and demoralization of Ukraine and the world community. In the context of anti-terrorist operation in the Donbass region we studied also the dynamic of changing the attitude of Ukrainians to Russia. From December 6 to December 15, 2014 the Kiev International Institute of Sociology (KIIS) conducted All–Ukrainian poll of public opinion. Deterioration of attitudes towards Russia is observed in all regions. At the same time for studying attitude of Russians to Ukraine the Levada-center in Russia from 23 to 26 January, 2015 conducted a survey on a representative selection for Russian.
The purpose of the second research is monitoring humanitarian aid needs of the residents of Donbass (Donetsk and Lugansk region). The research was conducted by the Kiev International Institute of Sociology (KIIS) in December 2014 (the author of article is one of the organizers of this research). The humanitarian situation in Donbas has deteriorated during period from December 2014 to September 2015: increased number of respondents who estimate the situation of living conditions as unbearable in their localities. A significant share surveyed population (15%) would like to leave the localities of Lugansk and Donetsk region but they are not able. Despite a distress half of the residents of Donbass are optimistic and unite to help each other.

The annexation of the Crimea and the war in Donbass resulted in intense migration flows from these areas to the non-conflict areas of Ukraine. Internally displaced persons (IPDs) in the initial phase of the conflict were mainly received by the neighbour regions bordering with the area affected by the conflict. The endless war in Donbass significantly affected the deterioration of the economic situation in Ukraine, which also influenced the attitude towards IDPs. The social attitude towards IDPs from Donbass was initially positive, but gradually changed into negative one, mainly in the eastern Russian-speaking regions of Ukraine. In the west of the country, the attitude was more positive. The main factor that could reduce the degree of tension in the society between IDPs and the receiving communities is the end of the war in Donbass, but as the situation of the conflict indicates, it cannot be finished quickly.

EU – Ukraine: Around Kiev’s European Aspirations. Selected Aspects from a German Perspective

The goals of the article are to discuss Ukraine’s aspirations for rapprochement with the European Union, especially after the „Orange Revolution” in 2004, and in the context of the conflict with Russia over Crimea and eastern Ukraine that began in 2014. In addition, to outline of Germany’s position toward the conflict and Ukraine’s relations with the EU. The author attempts to resolve the problem of Ukraine’s chances of joining the Union in a predictable perspective. First of all, scientific and press publications, as well as European Union documents were used.

Organization of Educational Process for Students from Uncontrolled Territories of Donbass by Distance Learning Means

The article is devoted to the problem of organizing the educational process for the learners from the non-controlled territories of Donbas with the purpose to facilitate the process of their work results quality improvement and the creation and application of open electronic systems to support scientific and educational theoretical, methodological and practical bases. It is emphasized that remote technologies today are an effective system of training and online support in order to achieve the highest marks of the level of specialists in educational fields and industries. The vast majority of scientists and educators talk about the benefits of distance learning, which requires much less time and energy to acquire knowledge, skills and abilities, is also much more mobile and comfortable than other existing forms of learning and education. The use of distance education in Ukraine today allows to teach without interruption from the main activity, to teach people with special educational needs, to have access to modern educational resources of the world through the use of mobile electronic communications, to provide educational services in remote corners of our country. The work of the Donbas-Ukraine educational center in the Donetsk region is outlined, where several effective methods of teaching with the use of computer and telecommunication technologies are used in higher education institutions. In developing a model of self-educational activities in the process of distance learning, the principles are identified, which in the educational process reflect the main points of objective laws, which express the needs of their functioning. The stages of self-educational activity related to the assimilation of educational information in the conditions of distance learning are revealed. It is known that the self-educational activities of students include technological and personal components, which are due to didactic and psychological aspects of this activity. The national experience in the introduction of the academic plans into the Moodle distance learning program for the development of information and research competence of teaching staff is highlighted. There has been demonstrated the mechanism of eliminating the problems of distance school with the purpose to enable the students from the occupied territories to receive high- -quality knowledge according to the current national educational programs. The development and dissemination of the positive experience in teaching the pupils from temporarily occupied territories distantly and the system of admission to universities are covered. The Moodle distance system key functions and subjects which can be put to use by pedagogical staff of the core schools are revealed.

The main aim of the paper is to set up the level of media bias influence on the agenda of news programs in TV channels: 1+1, Ukraine, ICTV, Inter, Kanal 5, and UA: Pershyi. Two issues were taken into consideration: Joint Forces Operation in Donbas, and Ukraine and Russian Federation’s relations. Those stand for the socio-political division of the society in Ukraine before February 24, 2022. It was found that the agenda does not differ in terms of content, but in terms of gradation not dictated by political inclinations. Political partiality in displaying or refraining from publishing journalistic materials, in relation to the main axis of the socio-political division in Ukraine, did not occur in the analyzed period. It means that the agenda considered to be pro-Russian or pro-Ukrainian based on the provenance of their owners, is neither characterized by tonality bias (the evaluation of political actors), visibility bias (the salience of political actors), nor agenda bias (the extent to which parties address preferred issues in media coverage).

Cinematic images of the Donbas space after 2014 in selected war-themed films

The paper aims to analyse the spatial representation in contemporary Ukrainian films created after 2014, set in the Donbas region and revolving around the ongoing war. As I reference the specific spatial context, my analysis is grounded in the framework of spatial turn. It also is crucial for me to delve into the history of Donbas and the portrayals of this place in Ukrainian cinematography. Film ecocriticism constitutes a significant context, particularly concerning representations of natural and postindustrial landscapes, often ravaged by human actions, especially in the context of warfare. Referring to the concept of landscape, I rely on Arnold Berleant’s perspective, noting that culturally transformed landscapes hold the same value as natural ones, and every landscape contributes to shaping cultural traditions. In my study, I employ textual film analysis derived from general structural analysis. My considerations encompass productions, such as Klondike (2022) directed by Maryna Er Gorbach, Reflection (2021) and Atlantis (2019), both directed by Valentyn Vasyanovych, as well as Bad Roads (2020) directed by Natalia Vorozhbyt.