- Author:
Natalia Gburzyńska
- Institution:
Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (Poland)
- Year of publication:
2014
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
348–362
- DOI Address:
http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2014020
- PDF:
ppsy/43/ppsy2014020.pdf
This article refers to the contemporary situation in the Russian economy and in the Russian capital economy. Economy in Russia is based on the extraction of raw materials. However, in 2010 economic forecasts for the country were optimistic. In this period economic development was strong and the country became a member of the BRICS group. One of the issues of the Russian Federation economy was the backing of the old system. Most investments were focused on the energy sector when in the public sector the changes were smaller. To increase revenues and funds big reforms are necessary and new investments. One possibility to improve the economic situation is to focus on greater extraction of raw materials. Another option is to resign from a monocultural economy. The situation in Moscow is better than the general economic situation in the Russian Federation. GDP increased regularly. In 2008 Russia took 15th place in the ranking of the hundred largest cities GDP. Th e Moscow economy is based especially on the trade of energy resources. Moreover, profi t is gained from business activities and industry. The level of unemployment in Moscow is the lowest in comparison to all regions. In the capital city it fluctuates between 0,5% and 1%. A major problem in the capital city is the constant immigration from other part of the Federation and other foreign countries. In majority, people who come to Moscow are the job seekers. Also the signifi cant problem is ubiquitous corruption.
- Author:
Liudmyla Pashkevych
- E-mail:
lyudmila_pashkevich@ukr.net
- Institution:
National Academy for Public Administration under the President of Ukraine,
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8340-3969
- Year of publication:
2020
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
71-84
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ksm20200406
- PDF:
ksm/28/ksm2806.pdf
The aim of this paper is an analysis of the formation and functioning of the anti-corruption system of Ukraine: National Agency on Corruption Prevention, National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine, Specialized Anti-Corruption Prosecutor’s Office, National Bureau of Investigation and National Agency of Ukraine for finding, tracing and management of assets derived from corruption and other crimes. The study stresses that despite the strong regulatory framework created to prevent and combat it, corruption remains a systemic problem that exists at all levels of government in Ukraine. The above-mentioned bodies have been created taking into account the European experience in the formation of anti-corruption bodies in the system of government, their activities are aimed at overcoming corruption in the country. The article highlights the feasibility of the existence and functioning of anti-corruption bodies and substantiates the importance of all their powers in the field of preventing and combating corruption. It has been concluded that these bodies need further improvement to combat corruption more effectively.
- Author:
Mykhailo Mykhailov
- E-mail:
Mihailov0088@gmail.com
- Institution:
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5448-5379
- Year of publication:
2020
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
123-133
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/rop2020409
- PDF:
rop/14/rop1409.pdf
The article presents the methodological concept of the study of criminal law support for combating corruption bribery in Ukraine. At the same time, the study of criminal liability for corruption bribery should be based on an appropriate methodological basis. Successful choice of methods of scientific knowledge has a direct impact not only on the research process but also on its results. To obtain reliable conclusions, it is unconditional to use the widest possible methodological tools, taking into account the peculiarities and specifics of the field of research. The protection of human rights in Ukraine today is inextricably connected with combating such a negative phenomenon as corruption. This thesis is declared by a number of international legal agreements, laws and regulations of Ukraine. The European standards of combating corruption in the paradigm of the rule of law exactly allow to increase the effectiveness of the efforts of the Ukrainian society in this direction. The above allows us to formulate a methodological concept for the study of criminal law support for combating corruption bribery in Ukraine. Research of criminal liability for corruption bribery should be carried out from the standpoint of a binary approach:
- To find out the cause and conditions of occurrence, as well as certain characteristics of the phenomenon itself – deviant behavior in the form of corrupt bribery.
- To develop the concept of criminal law counteraction to corruption bribery and development of substantiated scientific recommendations on the construction and content of relevant criminal law norms-prohibitions.
At the same time, the theory of social naturalism should be chosen as the primary source of worldviews for the study of criminal liability for corruption bribery. This will allow developing new concepts for the formation of law-abiding behavior in the anti-corruption sphere by reassessing the means of legal regulation, partial rejection of positivist principles and the introduction of natural – naturalistic approaches to the formation of criminal law.
- Author:
Przemysław Sieradzan
- E-mail:
przemyslaw.sieradzan@ug.edu.pl
- Institution:
Uniwersytet Gdański
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9255-7417
- Year of publication:
2021
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
104-127
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/npw20212806
- PDF:
npw/28/npw2806.pdf
Socio-political Reforms in Uzbekistan during the Presidency of Shavkat Mirziyoyev
The paper aims to present various aspects of the reform process initiated and implemented by Shavkhat Mirziyoyev, the president of the Republic of Uzbekistan, since 2016. The main subjects of consideration are vectors of political change in the spheres of institutions of political power, economy and foreign policy in the broader context of the legacy of the first president Islam Karimov’s reign and the heritage of the Soviet period. The fundamental reforms have embraced democratization of political system, fight against corruption, extension of civil rights and abandoning of isolationism in international relations, and are sometimes decribed as the „Uzbek Thaw”. However they seem to be very meaningful, one will be able to evaluate their significance for the statehood of the independent Uzbekistan only from the perspective of future decades.
- Author:
Robert Nęcek
- Institution:
Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie
- Year of publication:
2022
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
195-210
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/athena.2022.74.12
- PDF:
apsp/74/apsp7412.pdf
Corruption as a disorder of interpersonal communication in the teachings of Pope Francis
The Pope, as the head of the Church and the head of the State, is obliged to undertake appropriate forms of criticism and counteract the improper functioning of the institutions of the Church and the State. The point is that the task of politics and the state is to strive for the common good, and one of its functions is to integrate society. In both cases, there must be undisturbed communication, and this is precisely what corruption is disturbing. In the teachings of Pope Francis, a corruption disorders a communication in a way that it creates crisis of trust and arouses suspicion among the people. It ignores the truth which is a guarantee of clarity and understanding. The corruption, that grows and continues to evolve, is transmissible and it justifies itself by creating its own doctrine. Corruption is a rejection of solidarity. Pope Francis says about halitosis and sclerosis of a spiritual heart. He says about a sin and a corruption. Corruption evokes a social paralysis, which unfortunately is paid for by the poorest. Francis claims that it is not enough to sentence corrupted people, but it is important to pray for their conversion.
- Author:
Magdalena Filipek
- E-mail:
m.filipek3011@gmail.com
- Institution:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5573-7636
- Year of publication:
2024
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
7-26
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ksm20240201
- PDF:
ksm/42/ksm4201.pdf
Corruption in local government units in Poland – sources and causes
The aim of this paper is to present the problem of corruption in local government entities. It addresses the sources and causes, as well as attempts to completely eliminate corruption from public life. The article serves as a review and introduction to the issues related to corruption in local government, its sources, and causes.
- Author:
Marcin Czyżniewski
- E-mail:
mcz@umk.pl
- Institution:
Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3227-0035
- Year of publication:
2024
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
11-29
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/npw20244402
- PDF:
npw/44/npw4402.pdf
Municipal councillors in Poland are required to submit annual asset declarations. It’s a part of the transparency of public life, declarations make it possible to determine whether a councillor’s assets are justified by his or her income and whether the income itself comes from legal and ethical sources. This article analyses 1,500 asset declarations submitted in 2024 to determine whether general conclusions can be drawn from publicly available declarations indicating corrupt situations or the risk of such situations. The subject of the analysis is whether the assets of municipal councillors in Poland are clearly higher than average, whether councillors derive income from sources that may indicate a conflict of interest or corruption, including political corruption, whether councillors have above-average financial liabilities, including with individuals? The asset declarations examined indicate the existence of risks of corrupt situations, but their analysis does not show them to be of wider scope. On its basis, it is not possible to advance the thesis that holding a mandate as a municipal councillor in Poland is associated with income that could be considered suspicious, nor with above-average assets.
- Author:
Waldemar Wojtasik
- E-mail:
waldemar.wojtasik@us.edu.pl
- Institution:
University of Silesia in Katowice
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0355-4004
- Author:
Łukasz Trembaczowski
- E-mail:
lukasz.trembaczowski@us.edu.pl
- Institution:
University of Silesia in Katowice
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8914-3811
- Year of publication:
2024
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
30-47
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/npw20244403
- PDF:
npw/44/npw4403.pdf
Although the phenomenon of corruption is sometimes viewed through the prism of legal or economic issues, at its core it is a social phenomenon. Contemporary studies on corruption draw attention to its relationship with the issue of trust. The typological model of the relationship between trust and corruption provided the analytical framework for the described studies. Relating the types of corruption to objects of trust creates a perspective in which the perception of corruption by officials is an area of particular interest. The described research presents the perception of various dimensions of political corruption by local government officials. The juxtaposition of the assessed corruption phenomena indicates their interconnectedness in the perception of the respondents, thereby emphasizing the importance of accountability of political authorities.
- Author:
Jarosław Piątek
- E-mail:
jaroslaw.piatek@usz.edu.pl
- Institution:
University of Szczecin
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4754-3371
- Year of publication:
2024
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
48-56
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/npw20244404
- PDF:
npw/44/npw4404.pdf
The phenomenon of corruption is becoming more and more common in Poland as much as it is throughout the world. The topic returns and it is still relevant. For the average person, this issue is often not entirely clear and requires a moment of reflection and analysis. Historical events often prevail when carefully assessing corruption. Many people do not understand that the abuse of public figures’ positions to achieve private gains, both financial and personal, is a crime. We deal with many types of corruption in today’s world. Corruption is present not only in central administration, but also in local government, where conflicts of interest deeply rooted in local economic, political, or official activities, are a frequent occurrence. The desire to improve one’s social or economic status often leads to committing crimes. The problem should worry and motivate us to take extensive actions to combat its mechanisms. It is worth emphasizing that public awareness of corruption activities, especially among the generation who lived in the times of the Polish People’s Republic, is low. Assessments and attitudes towards corruption change with age. The younger generation sees a connection between corruption and the actions of local government officials in many aspects. As a result, they associate corruption with a threat to their own security.
- Author:
Renata Podgórzańska
- E-mail:
renata.podgorzanska@usz.edu.pl
- Institution:
University of Szczecin
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6610-9699
- Year of publication:
2024
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
57-70
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/npw20244405
- PDF:
npw/44/npw4405.pdf
One of the key values on which the European Union is based is the rule of law that also includes efficient mechanisms for counteracting and combating corruption. What is more, it is a key condition for countries aspiring to membership in the European Union. An example here comes from Albania’s accession aspirations. Their progress is determined by the dynamic changes in the transformation processes of this country, including progress in counteracting and eliminating corruption in the political and economic space. Explanation of the specific characteristics of Albanian reality and the exegesis of the impact of corruption on the process of the country’s closer EU cooperation are the aims of the research taken up here. Special focus will be given to electoral corruption in local government elections that took place on 14 May 2023. At the same time, these elections are only a background to a broader discussion on the essence of corruption in the Albanian reality as a factor that determines its accession process.
- Author:
Mariusz Popławski
- E-mail:
mpoplawski@umk.pl
- Institution:
Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5563-5308
- Year of publication:
2024
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
71-83
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/npw20244406
- PDF:
npw/44/npw4406.pdf
From the very beginning of human civilization, the ones in power were impacted by the others, who tried to gain from a more favorable decision. In order to achieve that, one could have used the correct arguments based on rationality, which, for instance, could have had an economic background. That demands much effort, meaning we should know the person we are trying to convince, learn about the situation, and gather opinions, evidence, and all sorts of data that could be useful. Others could try something risky and illegal – all sorts of corruption, including bribes, embezzlement, nepotism, extortion, kickbacks, etc. The distinction between the two seems straightforward, but only on the surface. If we get deeper into the issue, things get way more complex, and we might find it difficult to draw a clear line since the gray zone keeps growing. The paper concentrates then on the joint history of corruption and lobbying to give us a broad picture of the issue. Secondly, various concepts of the definition are analyzed to understand where we are in terms of the search between the two phenomena. The article ends with conclusions and further research suggestions.
- Author:
Maciej Pietrusiński
- E-mail:
m.pietrusinski@doktorant@umk.pl
- Institution:
Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6168-4843
- Year of publication:
2024
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
84-96
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/npw20244407
- PDF:
npw/44/npw4407.pdf
Corruption regardless of its form and the stage at which it occurs has a pathological character. It has a destructive impact on the functioning mechanisms of public at state level, at local level and private institutions, as well as causing dysfunctions in economic systems. In addition, corruption causes security threats on a national, regional and global scale. There is no country in the world that has managed to fully solve the problem of corruption. The mechanisms and guidelines being put in place for offices and organisations countering this issue only limit the scale and narrow the area of impact. Even institutions concerned with ensuring security inside the state and protecting its interests beyond its borders are not free from this practice. This article will describe the impact of bribery on the functioning of key areas affecting the entire state and international security system.
- Author:
Kazimierz Pierzchała
- E-mail:
kazimierz.pierzchala@kul.pl
- Institution:
John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9972-943X
- Year of publication:
2024
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
97-106
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/npw20244408
- PDF:
npw/44/npw4408.pdf
The article aims at presenting the problem of corruption and outlining its consequences. The work is an overview and an introduction to the subject of corruption in local government units. The problem of corruption has existed for many years and is gaining significance. According to analyses, Poland is one of the most corrupt countries in Europe. Corruption is encroaching on local government units despite its many consequences, which will be a subject of analysis.
- Author:
Magdalena Filipek
- E-mail:
m.filipek3011@gmail.com
- Institution:
John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/brak
- Year of publication:
2024
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
107-116
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/npw20244409
- PDF:
npw/44/npw4409.pdf
The aim of this paper is to present the problem of corruption in local government entities. It addresses the sources and causes, as well as attempts to completely eliminate corruption from public life. The article serves as a review and introduction to the issues related to corruption in local government, its sources, and causes.
- Author:
Marta Jaroszewska
- E-mail:
marta.bart@op.pl
- Institution:
Olsztyn Detention Center
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9326-3093
- Year of publication:
2024
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
147-160
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/npw20244412
- PDF:
npw/44/npw4412.pdf
Corruption in a broad, general sense is perceived as an important social problem that occurs in all spheres of human activity. This phenomenon develops according to the dynamics of changes in a given society. What remains unchanged over the years is that the purpose of corruption is material goods and personal benefits. The subject of this article is the phenomenon of corruption occurring in penitentiary units in the context of their security. When considering the issue of corruption, particular attention should be paid to the judicial authorities and places where perpetrators of crimes, including persons convicted for bribery, are serving sentences, i.e. prisons or detention centers.