- Author:
Marta Michalczuk-Wlizło
- E-mail:
michalczukm@poczta.onet.pl
- Institution:
The Department of Political Systems of Political Science Faculty of the Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2107-8814
- Author:
Bożena Dziemidok-Olszewska
- E-mail:
smugi@wp.pl
- Institution:
The Department of Political Systems of Political Science Faculty of the Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2944-5073
- Year of publication:
2018
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
219-225
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ppk.2018.06.18
- PDF:
ppk/46/ppk4618.pdf
The subject of the present article is the analysis of the functioning of the institution of citizens’ initiative in Poland, as well as a reference to the effectiveness of the institution in question on the example of draft acts that were voted upon by the 7th term of the Polish Sejm.
- Author:
Marta Michalczuk-Wlizło
- E-mail:
michalczukm@poczta.onet.pl
- Institution:
Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2107-8814
- Year of publication:
2019
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
395-406
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ppk.2019.06.29
- PDF:
ppk/52/ppk5229.pdf
The Constitution in Article 118 (2) granted the group of at least one hundred thousand citizens the right to submit a citizens’ bill and initiate the legislative process in the Polish parliament. Due to the formalized mode of implementation of the constitutional right of citizens to submit draft bills, this form of initiating the legislative process constitutes a negligible percentage compared to the number of submitted drafts by other authorized entities. Sometimes, the submitted projects concern controversial matters, arousing emotions and distorting public opinion. An example of such a draft is the citizens’ bill proposed in the 8th term of the Sejm, amending the Act of 7 January 1993 on family planning, protection of the human fetus and conditions for the admissibility of termination of pregnancy (Sejm print 2146). The article analyzes the legislative process of the project.
- Author:
Anna Rakowska-Trela
- E-mail:
arakowska@wpia.uni.lodz.pl
- Institution:
Uniwersytet Łódzki
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2470-8893
- Year of publication:
2021
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
305-317
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ppk.2021.03.20
- PDF:
ppk/61/ppk6120.pdf
Citizens’ Legislative Initiative in Italy – Legal Regulation and Practice
The Italian constitution of 1947 regulates two forms of direct democracy: people’s initiative and a referendum. According to its Art. 71 sec. 2, at least fifty thousand voters have the right to introduce legislation, a draft must be formulated in articles. Details of the procedure are laid down in Law 352/1970 “Norme sui referendum previsti in Costituzione e sull’iniziativa legislativa del popolo”. The signature collection procedure is complicated and requires the collection of many declarations and confirmations. A review of citizens’ bills submitted to the chambers of the Italian Parliament from 1996 to today shows that the number of these bills varies between twenty and thirty some in a term (several per year). Until 2020, there was no discernible trend in this respect, neither upward nor downward. A very small proportion of the citizens’ bills submitted becomes law. Therefore, it should be assessed that the right to submit citizenship bills is also treated – or perhaps even primarily – as a political tool, an instrument used to initiate discussions on socially and politically important topics.