The undertaken study is aimed at presenting the knowledge and research experiences concerning developmental tasks and the borderland, as well as stimulating the discussion which might result in a more conscious approach and application of these categories in the context of pedagogy. The author presents a report from some studies conducted in the Southern borderland. The text becomes a part of the debate on the tasks of pedagogy – the education aimed at supporting the development of youth. The research into fulfilling developmental tasks, shaping youth’s identity and its many determinants constitute an important field of pedagogy. These studies enable the recognition of the real barriers for individual development in the social and cultural dimension, as well as the efficient or inefficient strategies of overcoming them.

School is the basic institution introducing into the world of civic values and shaping prosocial attitudes and behaviors. Properly shaped social and intercultural competences are essential for proper functioning in everyday life, which is why in the education process they should be constantly developed and concern both teachers and students. By taking an active part in the mutual learning process, individual individuals can become citizens of the world with high competences. In addition to theoretical considerations regarding the desirable competences of teachers and educators working in a multicultural classroom, the article presents statements of representatives of the pedagogical group allowing to estimate their social and intercultural competences and their self-esteem in this regard.

This article concerns a significant problem of developing a sexual image among girls during socialization and education as well as its consequences for their position in society and in the job market. Provided analyses deal with the differences between boys and girls with regard to the theory of social construction and they emphasise the role of environmental factors in shaping a sexual image on the part of an individual. The results of research on young females’ situation in the job market conducted among young women and employers have also been discussed by the author with relation to this issue.

The article presents the results of an Internet questionnaire examining high school graduates’ (general education high schools and technical high schools) perceptions on aesthetical and cultural education in the institutional context. The study was based on students’ narratives gathered by means of a purpose- designed interview questionnaire using the methodology of interpretive anthropology in relation to the perspective of an ‘insider’ or a ‘local’. The results were further organised accordingly with the strategy of horizonalisation, which made it possible to construct a model encompassing all the participants’ contributions.

After regaining independence, different legal systems remaining after the partitioners were in force in the lands of the forming Polish state. Reconstruction of statehood began with a disastrous state of education. The issue of education and the fight against widespread illiteracy was a very important issue both for society and the emerging authorities during the partitions. After regaining independence, the first task of educational authorities was to unify the school system, i.e. to define its organization, tasks, ideological foundations and programs. This process began in 1914, and the implementation of a general obligation to learn began intensively from 1917. However, due to the multitude of problems of the reviving state, including primarily financial, but also due to the lack of staff, buildings or school equipment, they resulted in the fact that general obligation to educate was not fulfilled. This meant that despite the efforts of authorities, the fundamental problem of illiteracy in the Polish society in indicated period was not eliminated.

Modern digital media not only provide the ways of gaining numerous benefits, but also pose some risks. This applies to adults as well as to children and adolescents who are the victims but also perpetrators of the disjunctive use of the media. The aim of this article is to indicate antinomies in the Polish education policy regarding the secure use of digital media, mainly such as computer, smartphone, and the Internet. The research analyses the most popular portals offering the e-mail service and uses the document analysis method for indicating the inconsistency between legal acts and ordinances of the minister in charge of education and upbringing.

Recently, a great deal of attention has been paid globally to education of both children and youth. It has been the result of ever-growing requirements of learners’ knowledge, as well as educational cultivation of young people. Contemporary society has been witnessing undesirable actions of learners against teachers. That is why the paper discusses learners’ interactions with teachers and how they are assessed by teachers. The paper also introduces implications for improving the quality of teachers’ interventions in educational processes.

In the text, types of reforms to formal education are introduced, and against this background, an answer is sought to the question of who they serve, who is interested in this multi-layered effort, who is or can be a beneficiary and who is a loser in this process. The central part of the text is a presentation of types of the reform. Then, the effects of reforming education are indicated. The conclusion underlines the importance of research in the process of reform, in the action, as a professional practice of integrating cognition and change.

The study was triggered as a result of declining performance of learners in Botswana and it was aimed at finding solutions that would enhance sound academic performance in junior secondary schools. A phenomenological design was selected for the study while a qualitative approach was adopted using focus group interviews as the source of data collection from participants. The findings of this study revealed that the inability of the government of Botswana to implement job satisfaction measures in educators inhibited adequate transfer of knowledge to learners, which resulted in a decline in performance. Learners’ gross misconduct and their parents’ inability to counsel them contributed to their decline in performance. Also, learners and educators admitted that the current system of education should be replaced with another productive system. Another finding of this study confirmed that learners are tired of corporal punishment and they want it to be replaced with detention. The study recommendation is that the Ministry of Education of Botswana should apply motivational and job satisfaction factors to encourage educators to adequately transfer knowledge to learners.

The paper tries to be a  critical analysis of and a  theoretical reflection on minority students: gifted children in the Spanish education system. To carry out this study and achieve the objectives set up, we took into account a qualitative methodology, framed within the constructivist paradigm in the social sciences. Being a gifted child in Spain is a problem because gifted children are not being adequately addressed, as the Ministry of Education recognizes. An objective analysis of the current situation can become a way of changing it. In addition, we have to pay attention to the principles and rights of the awareness of diversity.

The presented study addresses the issue of the concept of lifelong learning based on Polish experience, on the basis of the latest research: the international programme: Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (Study on an international scale, realised for the first time in Poland on a sample of more than 9 thousand people) and Polish reports: Report on the State of Education 2013-Teachers Matter, and Social Diagnosis 2013-the Labour Market and Social Exclusion in the Context of the Perception of Poles. The presented study and the authors’ considerations revolve around the concepts of: learning, schooling, undertaking educational activity by adults, which, as clearly indicated by the research results, constitutes an insignificant part of Polish society. This situation puts our country on one of the last places in the ranking of highly developed countries.

While searching for the ways of enhancing students’ educational efficiency, the authors set the framework for the issue from two perspectives-educational and emotional, stressing the existence of a strong interdependence between emotional and cognitive ones. The focus of study is students’ perception of educational processes, the emotional states they demonstrate and their interdependence. For the purpose of this research a battery of questionnaires was constructed and the results have shown that students’ emotional states greatly influence their perception of educational efficiency. Based on these results, the recommendation on modifying the management of educational processes is that students’ emotional states should not be excluded from the equation of a successful education. The factors that shape the emotional context of learning should be taken into account.

This paper is an attempt to show the changes in education in selected countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Article indicates the main directions of change in the philosophy of education and their structural implications for the education system, in response to the changing socio-political and dominant global trends while imitating structural solutions and attitudes present in Western societies. The primary source base constitute a public database (eng. The reports of the World Bank, and Education at Glance published by the OECD) as well as statistical analyzes prepared on their basis. The main aim of this article is to attempt to identify significant similarities and differences which the participation of countries undergoing a similar path of development.

The paper presents the essence of the education for safety. There were analyzed both theoretical issues and curriculum of the education aimed at matters related to widely understood safety in the system of public education as well as system of education in the Ministry of the Interior and Administration.

The article is devoted to the content analysis of 19 broadcasts for children and teens in six leading television channels dedicated to minors recipients in Poland. The study has been conducted on the basis of 16 criteria reflecting the positive and negative attributes of the programmes. It has aimed to answer the question of how the world is depicted in these broadcasts, and furthermore what socio-cultural patterns are transmitted to children and adolescents watching their favourite fairy tales and film heroes. The research conducted has proved that it is possible to identify both the best, most valuable from the point of view of the child’s development and socialization channel (it is MiniMini+) and the most harmful, presenting negative values and negative patterns channel (which is Cartoon Network). The text presents the first in Polish media and sociological studies comparative analysis of such a large number of broadcasts for children and youth, and the analysis so widely verifying the content and formal elements of these broadcasts.

The article presents the results of research that pertained to the manner of smartphone use in child upbringing during early childhood. The qualitative research was participated in by: a mother of a two-year-old girl and a mother of a threeyear-old boy. On the basis of the tests I concluded that this device is mainly used by mothers:-to occupy the attention of the child, to allow the mother to perform other activities,-to calm the child down at times of anxiety,-as a reward. The interviews have shown that for the respondents the educational function of smartphone are not significant, although they see them.

The purpose of this article is to use North Norwegian legends and show how these oral stories have been used in the education at the Institute for Teacher Education and Pedagogic, University of Tromsø - Norway’s arctic university since the time I started this project at the end of the 1990s period. Here, there will be given a definition and expansion for the types of legends that exists, what was stated about it in the lecture plan (L­97) at the time, and what created the basis for this research. An important part of this work was to collect legends in order to document this traditional material for later, as a contribution to North Norwegian cultural history and, thereby, as a gateway to establish knowledge structures.

Amidst the many topics important for the shaping of character of adolescents in Original Stories, Mary Wollstonecraft places such important issues as our attitude towards animals. She wants to convince the readers that not only should we not hurt animals but also offer them our aid. The education that sensitises us to the fate of animals is an important element of moral education. Being kind for the beings of other species is what makes us better, more compassionate. And reversely being cruel towards animals turns us into brutes capable of hurting also people. Tormenting animals is moreover inconsistent with God’s will and leads to the infliction of completely unnecessary and senseless suffering. Which is why it deserves severe condemnation.

This article covers the basic terms in educational sciences in English and their equivalents in Polish, including definitions, difficulties in the selection of appropriate equivalent and linguistic traps which may influence on how the particular term is interpreted in the context of a text it is contained within and both Polish and American/British educational reality. The purpose of this paper is to increase awareness of a Polish reader of education­related texts that have been translated from English in terms of issues concerning meanings and interpretation, to make the Polish authors of education­related texts more sensitive to such issues and to provide them with a basis to be used when they create their own works which are meant to be populated in the multilingual environment of educationists or when they refer to the English literature in educational sciences in Polish books and articles.

The article shows the three aspects of research on the history of Slavonic studies in Poland: the developmental trends in Polish historiography, the scale of interest in the Slavs living in Poland and the position of the other Slavic nations in the Polish historiography.