Sytuacja w sektorze gospodarki morskiej przez ponad dwie dekady była klasycznym przykładem konsekwencji braku powiązania strategii rozwoju państwa z charakterem gospodarki narodowej. Ten marginalny dla procesu wytwarzania PKB sektor gospodarki w polskich realiach odgrywał i odgrywa dużo większą rolę niż poziom wytwarzanego w jego ramach produktu krajowego. Stymuluje bowiem w znacznym stopniu poziom wymiany handlowej oraz procesy społeczno-gospodarcze w regionach nadmorskich. Niedostrzeżenie tej roli gospodarki morskiej przez polski establishment polityczny w istotnym stopniu ograniczyło możliwości wykorzystania terytorium Polski jako istotnego elementu europejskiej sieci transportowej, rozumianej szerzej niż obszar przewozów tranzytowych. Dopiero w realiach gospodarczych początku drugiej dekady XXI w. uznano za zasadne stworzenie kompleksowej strategii funkcjonowania gospodarki morskiej jako elementu polityki rozwoju państwa i jej wkomponowanie w zasadnicze strategie gospodarcze.

The concept of governance is part of contemporary trends in public management. Its popularity has been growing since the early 1980s and it has become one of the main principles in modern approaches. Governance means the inclusion of actors, operating in different areas and at different levels, to achieve common aims at the interface with the public. In the Polish reality, the concept has got relatively little publicity; thus, it is worth promoting its objectives and showing how it can be implemented in the political and institutional practice. At present, it is identified with the improvement of management methods in the European Union in all aspects of the implementation of community policies, within the scope beyond the issues of administrative capacity and management efficiency. Such issues are becoming increasingly important as they relate to social participation and the question of legitimacy of public action in the European Union. The purpose of this article is to present the key issues related to the concept of European governance. It presents the key European documents on governance in the context of the search for its practical applications.

Complex interdependence has emerged as multiple channels that establish relations and agendas between states that involve public, private and NGO stakeholders to resolve issues and take a state towards a development path. This article argues how development policy establishes complex interdependence and also increases bilateral relationships. The development theory and economic interdependence evaluate the economic and social conditioning of developing countries in the shadow of complex interdependence; the role of international development assistance needs to understand the interest of developed countries in international relations. The theoretical analysis also compiles the term well-being including human development, health, quality of life, political freedom, social rights, and wealth. These terms are the centre point of well-being, which consists of happiness and health as subjective matters. As the importance of development is stressed by Holtz and Sen, both emphasise the well-being of the population, which must need to address the component of development for the eradication of poverty.

The European Union’s development cooperation policy has evolved significantly since its inception in the Treaty of Rome (1957). The main aim of the study is to find the objectives of the EU to reduce disparities between the Global North and the Global South. Despite several policy attempts to bridge the developmental gaps in the Global South, the North-South divide remains a significant challenge. This article analyses how the EU has been actively working to address the disparities between the Global North-South through its development policy. Qualitative empirical analysis involves the interpretation of the EU reports, press briefs, and strategy papers and analysing them to understand concepts, perspectives, and experiences from both primary and secondary sources, as well as Global South responses. The analysis underscores the EU’s dual role as a promoter of international development and a strategic actor balancing political, economic, and security interests.