- Author:
Krzysztof Kowalczyk
- Institution:
University of Szczecin (Poland)
- Year of publication:
2012
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
472-485
- DOI Address:
http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2012024
- PDF:
ppsy/41/ppsy2012024.pdf
Various aspects of the term Catholic Church can be considered: theological, sociological, legal or politological. For the purpose of this article the defi nition of the Church as formulated by political science will be essential, although in this discipline various connotations exist. The Church is referred to as a denomination, religious community, an interest group or a political entity. Among authors writing about the Church as a denomination are Wolfgang Ernst Böckenförde and Heindrun Abromeit. Both of them focus on the spiritual-religious aspect of Church activities, at the same time emphasizing that political activity is not the principal aim of the Church. Broader theories of Church activities as an interest group are presented by Carolyn M. Warner and Dietrich Hierlemann. Classifying the Catholic Church as an interest group C.M. Warner claims that this institution makes eff orts to get preferential treatment by political authorities, and its goal is to gain certain resources from the economic and political systems. The Church attempts to lobby democratic governments through political parties and other means, as it intends to have an infl uence on the educational system, impose its moral values on society through legislation, or retain certain tax reliefs. The Church tries to provide its members with certain collective goods (such as answers to moral and philosophical dilemmas), affiliation-based (e.g. cult site), or individual incentives (e.g. sacraments). The Catholic Church, therefore, in addition to an organized religion, can be referred to as an untypical interest group D. Hierlemann similarly states that the Church acts as a representative of interests and a lobbyist that attempts to make infl uential contacts, establish good relations with decision makers and play for resources. The Church acting in the secular sphere is subject to the same priciples as other associations (Verbände). This entity tries to promote its interests in the political process. In reference to theories describing the functioning of associations in the lay-political area we can examine the activities of the Church within the political system. From this perspective D. Hierlemann analyzes various forms of lobbying done by the Catholic Church in Poland.
- Author:
Krzysztof Kowalczyk
- Institution:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński
- Year of publication:
2018
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
7-19
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/athena.2018.57.01
- PDF:
apsp/57/apsp5701.pdf
Celem artykułu jest określenie oddziaływania Kościoła katolickiego na system polityczny w Polsce odwołanie się do case study – form sprzeciwu Kościoła wobec legalizacji metody zapłodnienia pozaustrojowego in vitro. W nauce o polityce Kościół jest określany jako organizacja wyznaniowa, grupa interesu, aktor polityczny. Autor definiuje Kościół (jako) podmiot, który oddziałuje na system polityczny i jego otoczenie w formie bezpośredniej, pośredniej i sankcji moralnych. Biskupi katoliccy sprzeciwiali się regulacji in vitro, ingerując między innymi w przebieg procesu legislacyjnego. Świadczy to o doniosłym wpływie Kościoła w Polsce na sferę publiczną.
- Author:
mgr Agata Płachecka
- Institution:
Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy
- Year of publication:
2017
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
301-323
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/siip201715
- PDF:
siip/16/siip1615.pdf
Pedophilia in the Catholic Church during the pontificates of Benedict XVI and Pope Francis
One of the main internal social problems with which the institution of the Catholic Church struggles over the last two pontificates is the occurrence of pedophilia in its ranks. The article analyzes the difference in the approach to the problem over the last two pontificates, and the studied scale of the phenomenon and the territorial scope allow undoubtedly giving this practice a global character. Based on the analyzes of pontificates, the picture of the problem of pedophilia in the Church clearly emerges as a legacy after many years of policy of covering this type of sexual abuse by church leaders. The disclosure of cases of sexual abuse committed by ministers in individual countries was the direct cause of the crisis of the local universal Churches during the pontificate of Benedict XVI and Pope Francis.
- Author:
Tadeusz Dmochowski
- Institution:
Uniwersytet Gdański
- Year of publication:
2017
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
135-145
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.5604/cip201708
- PDF:
cip/15/cip1508.pdf
Artykuł przedstawia i analizuje nastawienie i działania prawne kolejnych władz francuskich wobec Kościoła katolickiego w okresie rządów Dyrektoriatu (1795–1799).
- Author:
Grzegorz Piwnicki
- Institution:
Uniwersytet Gdański
- Year of publication:
2017
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
146-164
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.5604/cip201709
- PDF:
cip/15/cip1509.pdf
Problemy wiary i religii państwa świeckiego, ich wzajemnych relacji są w czasach chwiejącego się świata1 bardzo istotne i nie do przecenienia.
Należy szukać odpowiedzi jak pogodzić renesans religijności ze wzmożonym sekularyzmem w różnych krajach. Mówimy również o postsekularyzmie. Te ważkie zagadnienia determinują podziały polityczne w Polsce. Bez wspólnego dialogu, dążenia do konsensusu, odrzucenia fundamentalności możemy jako wspólnota polska przestać istnieć.
Grozi nam przejście od utopii do dystopii. Wszystko zależy od tego jak reagować na te wyzwania będą państwo i Kościół katolicki. Należy również odrzucić wszelkie fobie i nacjonalizm z szowinizmem narodowym.
- Author:
Mihai A. Panu
- Institution:
West University
- Year of publication:
2019
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
347-358
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019210
- PDF:
ppsy/48-2/ppsy2019210.pdf
In interwar Romania, non-political institutions played a decisive role in the process of containing the expansion of totalitarian ideologies. The two major colliding ideological forces, National Socialism and Communism, rapidly reshaped the European sociopolitical profile after World War I and caused an unprecedented long-term deterioration of various intergovernmental relations. The Banat region was systematically exposed to external ideological factors due to the fact that its heterogeneous ethno-cultural profile allowed a rapid proliferation of political ideas and programs.
- Author:
Marek Šmíd
- Year of publication:
2015
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
168-184
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/hso150209
- PDF:
hso/9/hso909.pdf
- License:
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative
Commons Attribution license CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.
Apostolic Nunciature without a nuncio in Czechoslovakia of the interwar period
The study deals with the period of the First Czechoslovak Republic (19181938), when the Apostolic Nunciature in Prague was vacant and represented only by chargé d‘affaires, who were in charge of the Vatican embassy. It goes into the details of the events of 1925-1928 and 1934-1935 to explain the reasons, specific situations and consequeces of the absence of the Apostolic Nuncios.
- Author:
Paweł Glugla
- Institution:
Uniwersyt Rzeszowski
- Year of publication:
2019
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
64-88
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ksm201905
- PDF:
ksm/24/ksm201905.pdf
This article contains information and analysis of the Security Service's operational activities against the Catholic Church in Olkusz, based on an archival document produced by the security apparatus. The territory in question belonged administratively to the Krakow Province, while in the church administration it belonged to the Diocese of Kielce. The document includes a number of important issues: a description of the Catholic Church in Olkusz, including deaneries, and the description and staffing of individual religious congregations (for which the security police also kept up-to-date documentation); Catholic activities, being part of the structures of the church organization of individual deaneries and their parishes; a current list of Catholic agents and assets; agent cases conducted against individual church objects and the clergy; repression of the clergy; issues of catechization; cases of religious construction; cooperation between the security division and civic militia; difficulties in the work of the Olkusz security service in church matters; and “hotspots” in Olkusz. Thanks to the agents it acquired, the security apparatus had current information on the functioning of the church in Olkusz, especially the clergy. Therefore, it could effectively watch over the church’s activities, neutralize many of its intentions, and punish defiant clergy in various ways. This edited archival document illustrates a wide range of issues dealt with by the Security Service of the 1960s. Its form, and this systematic range of issues, was imposed from above and was compulsory throughout the entire territory of the People's Republic of Poland.
- Author:
Marek Tylkowski
- Institution:
SWPS University
- Year of publication:
2020
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
77-92
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ap202003
- PDF:
ap/23/ap2303.pdf
Towards normalization? Relations between the Roman Catholic Church and China People’s Republic after 1949
The article is concerned with the relations between the Catholic Church and the government of the People’s Republic of China. It starts with a short summary of the history of Christianity in China. Then it focuses on the analysis of changes of policies toward China on the part of the Holy See and their reception from Chinese authorities. It points out that the Vatican government consequently is making efforts in order to normalize the situation of Catholics in China and that it is ready to for a deep compromise with the Chinese government if necessary. In that context, the agreement between the Holy See and the Chinese government, which was prolonged on the 22nd of October 2020, is more understandable.
- Author:
Marta Michalczuk-Wlizło
- E-mail:
michalczukm@poczta.onet.pl
- Institution:
Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2107-881477
- Year of publication:
2020
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
285-296
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ppk.2020.06.23
- PDF:
ppk/58/ppk5823.pdf
The issue of institutionalizing non-heteronormative unions arouses great controversy in Poland and has not yet been legally regulated in any form. The issue of institutionalizing same-sex unions is multifaceted and has an interdisciplinary character. The aim of the article is to analyze selected premises, both legal and ideological, related to the admissibility of institutionalizing the form of relationships of non-heteronormative people.
- Author:
Kamila Rezmer-Płotka
- E-mail:
kamila.rezmer@onet.pl
- Institution:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1458-5076
- Year of publication:
2021
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
157-165
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/so2021210
- PDF:
so/20/so2010.pdf
Natural Medicine and Catholic Church – Comments and Biopolitical Remarks
Currently, we observe a significant increase in interest in Eastern practices in the West, including natural medicine. In this context, it is important that in 1979 the World Health Organization (WHO) recognized Ayurveda as the oldest health-care system. Ayurveda has also become an object of interest of the Catholic Church. The article examines the institutions’ attitude toward Ayurveda and determines the nature of doubts and reservations that arise around it. To this end, an analysis of the document of the Pontifical Council of Culture – The Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue Jesus Christ the Giver of the Water of Life. Christian reflection on the New Age was carried out. Subsequently, the statements of selected representatives of the Catholic Church were included in the analysis. The following hypothesis has been verified: the Catholic Church’s doubts and objections to Ayurveda are of biopolitical nature. Based on the analysis of the document, it can be concluded that Catholic Church treats and interprets Ayurveda activities as biopolitical practices.
- Author:
Marek Šmíd
- E-mail:
smidma@seznam.cz
- Institution:
Katedra církevních dějin a literární historie
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8613-8673
- Year of publication:
2021
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
154-170
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/hso210207
- PDF:
hso/29/hso2907.pdf
- License:
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative
Commons Attribution license CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.
František Kordač, Archbishop of Prague and Primate of the Czech Republic in 1919–1931. A high dignitary of the Church who did not become a cardinal
The study deals with František Kordač, a Czech Church dignitary and university professor who became the Archbishop of Prague and the Czech Primate in 1919. The text is based on materials from Czech and foreign archives, e.g. the Vatican funds.
- Author:
Paweł Glugla
- E-mail:
pawel.glugla@interia.pl
- Institution:
badacz niezależny
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5940-9105
- Year of publication:
2021
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
149-171
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/hso210408
- PDF:
hso/31/hso3108.pdf
- License:
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative
Commons Attribution license CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.
Emigration in the 20th century and the Catholic Church’s care for seasonal emigrants: the example of the Tarnów diocese in 1910–1913
The late 19th century witnessed increased migration from the Polish territory, including the then Galicia, Eastern Europe. The Catholic church played a special role in caring for young seasonal immigrants. Among the numerous forms and preventive measures was organising and conducting spiritual retreats for seasonal immigrants, including the Tarnów diocese.
- Author:
Elżbieta Kużelewska
- E-mail:
e.kuzelewska@uwb.edu.pl
- Institution:
University of Białystok
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6092-7284
- Author:
Marta Michalczuk-Wlizło
- E-mail:
michalczukm@poczta.onet.pl
- Institution:
Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2107-8814
- Year of publication:
2022
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
373-387
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ppk.2022.03.28
- PDF:
ppk/67/ppk6728.pdf
Małżeństwo osób tej samej płci a Kościół katolicki: Europejska perspektywa porównawcza
Małżeństwa osób tej samej płci zostały uznane w wielu państwach, w tym w katolickich. Według Kościoła katolickiego szacunek dla osób homoseksualnych nie może prowadzić do zatwierdzenia legalizacji związków osób tej samej płci. Normy prawne w niektórych państwach mają na celu ochronę małżeństw heteroseksualnych, gdyż zrównanie związków homo- i heteroseksualnych oznaczałoby utratę podstawowych wartości należących do wspólnego dziedzictwa ludzkości. Stanowisko Kościoła nie jest monolityczne. Są zwolennicy, którzy opowiadają się za zmianą nauczania Kościoła na temat nierozerwalności małżeństwa czy akceptacji związków homoseksualnych. W artykule przedstawiono, w których państwach europejskich (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem krajów katolickich) dopuszczalne są małżeństwa osób tej samej płci, ukazano związki między stanowiskiem Kościoła w sprawie takich związków a świeckimi systemami prawnymi. Istnieje ogromna rozbieżność w postawach wobec homoseksualizmu między katolickimi konserwatystami w Europie Zachodniej i Wschodniej. Konserwatyści katoliccy w Europie Zachodniej zrozumieli, że wolność seksualna jest kwestią bezdyskusyjną i nie powinna być mieszana w polityczne batalie o sprawy fundamentalne.
- Author:
Krzysztof Kowalczyk
- Institution:
University of Szczecin
- Year of publication:
2022
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
245-258
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/athena.2022.75.14
- PDF:
apsp/75/apsp7514.pdf
The present article provides an original typology of Polish parliamentary parties according to the religious criterion, i.e., the attitude towards the Catholic Church and its postulates (prohibition of abortion, legalising IVF and civil partnerships). The analysis covers the parties which have had at least 10 seats in the Sejm since 2001. First, the parties were classified according to the program criterion (membership in party families), then their views in the axiological sphere were analysed, and finally, the party typology was determined. The following types of parties were distinguished: quasi-religious, referring only to Christian values, axiologically moderate, secular.
- Author:
Sławomir Kursa
- Institution:
Uniwersytet Humanistycznospołeczny SWPS w Warszawie
- Year of publication:
2015
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
139-152
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/tpn2015.2.07
- PDF:
tpn/9/TPN2015207.pdf
The purpose of this article is to show the nature and legal requirements of the will for the benefit of churches or pious works. The conclusion reached in these considerations is that post-classical roman law, although it did not recognize the legal personality of the Catholic Church, guaranteed the particular ecclesial communities and pious works run by the Church wide access to material goods, by way of testamentary universal succession, as well as testamentary succession under particular title. This was made possible through the recognition of ecclesial communities and charities as legal entities having testamenti factio passiva by Roman law. Wills benefiting churches or pious works necessitated, for their validity, abiding by all of the formal requirements for making a declaration of intent, in particular the presence of seven witnesses, regardless of whether the declaration was oral or written. As such, wills benefitting churches or pious works were not considered under Roman law to be privileged in form. It was Pope Alexander III who first challenged the requirement of the presence of seven witnesses. Since then, canon law treated wills for the benefit of churches or pious works as a privileged kind of will, whose validity required the presence of only two witnesses. Thus, this type of will was an institution present in both legal orders, but only received its privileged nature in medieval canon law.
- Author:
Tadeusz Dmochowski
- Year of publication:
2016
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
308-326
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.5604/cip201623
- PDF:
cip/14/cip1423.pdf
The French Revolution towards the Catholic Church during the National Convention period (1792–1795)
The paper presents and analyzes the attitudes and subsequent legal actions of the French authorities against of the Catholic Church in institutionally separated period of the National Convention (1792–1795).
- Author:
Tadeusz Dmochowski
- Year of publication:
2015
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
126-151
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.5604/cip201510
- PDF:
cip/13/cip1310.pdf
The French Revolution towards the Catholic Church during the National Constituent Assembly and the Legislative Assembly period (1789–1792)
The paper presents the situation of the Catholic Church in France before the revolution of 1789 and the key political environments that created opposition to the Church, and then analyzes the attitudes and subsequent legal actions of the French authorities against of the Catholic Church in institutionally separated periods of the National Constituent Assembly (1789–1791) and the Legislative Assembly (1791–1792).
- Author:
Jakub Stępień
- E-mail:
jakub.stepien@wpia.uni.lodz.pl
- Institution:
University of Lodź
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0106-6805
- Year of publication:
2023
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
339-351
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ppk.2023.05.24
- PDF:
ppk/75/ppk7524.pdf
Relations between the Third Republic of Poland and the Catholic Church remain one of the aspects of contemporary political rivalry. Political parties have specific postulates regarding this aspect of contemporary social reality, which, as a rule, are part of the relevant program documents. The proposals of individual political circles, apart from substantive issues, differ in terms of scope, degree of detail and possibility of implementation due to the non-compliance of possible changes with the relevant provisions of the Constitution of April 2, 1997, the Concordat between the Third Republic of Poland and the Holy See, statutory regulations concerning the matter of mutual relations between the state and the church, or various non-legal circumstances related primarily to specific social moods.
- Author:
Dawid Pieniężny
- E-mail:
dawid.pieniezny@uwr.edu.pl
- Institution:
Uniwersytet Wrocławski
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3528-1351
- Year of publication:
2024
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
106-126
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ksm20240106
- PDF:
ksm/41/ksm4106.pdf
World War II as a cause of changes in the administrative division of the Catholic Church. The example of the Diocese of Görlitz
War is a huge political change, which, in addition to its social, political, or economic effects, also has other effects. One of these may be the impact on churches and religious associations, especially on their organizational and administrative structures. An excellent example confirming this thesis is World War II, after which the organization of the Catholic Church in Europe was transformed and the Holy See revised the boundaries of archdioceses and dioceses in various countries for almost 50 years. In this article, the author addressed the specific case of the creation of the Diocese of Görlitz, which is the smallest diocese in modern Germany. Through his analysis he showed that the war has a huge impact on the functioning and efficient management in the Catholic Church and causes legal and interpretative difficulties in its administrative division and consequently, the division of competencies, while requiring delicacy, since strictly religious documents can be perceived in an explicitly political way.